Oceanography Chapter 6 Essay Example

Oceanography Chapter 6 Paper Of the following statements about the transfer of heat on Earth, which is/are true? -air currents move warmer air from the tropics to higher latitudes-water vapor in the air carries latent heat with it, which is released in other areas-ocean currents move warm water from the tropics to higher latitudes How would a moving object in Earth’s atmosphere be deflected as a result of Earth’s rotation? to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere What is the Coriolis Effect? the deflection of moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the North Pole toward the equator? toward the right Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the South Pole toward the equator? toward the left Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the North Pole toward the equator? toward the west Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the West Coast of the United States toward the East Coast of the United States? toward the south Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the East Coast of the United States toward the West Coast of the United States? toward the north Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the east coast of South Africa toward the west coast of South Africa?Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the east coast of South Africa toward the west coast of South Africa? toward the south Which direction would an airplane deflect if flying across South Africa from the west coast to the east coast? toward the north Even though it’s on the same spinning planet, the Coriolis effect influences moving objects and diverts them to the _____ of their intended direction in the Northern Hemisphere and to the _____ of their intended direction in the Southern Hemisphere. right; left The Coriolis effect is _____ at the equator and is _____ at the poles. zero; strongest The Coriolis effect is caused by the rotation of the Earth Of the following physical properties of the atmosphere, which is/are true? -air always moves from high-pressure regions toward low-pressure regions-the air temp. is warmer near earths surface than in the upper part of the troposphere-low pressure at the surface is associated with rising air (movement away from the surface)-warm air holds more water vapor than cool air What is a tropical cyclone? a low-pressure disturbance that develops over warm, tropical waters Where are tropical cyclones found? lower and middle latitudes Which of the following names mean tropical cyclone? hurricane, cyclone, typhoon Why is heavy rain associated with hurricane formation? Rising, moist air cools. As air cools, water condenses and eventually falls. Why is warm, moist air considered the fuel for a hurricane? Why is warm, moist air considered the fuel for a hurricane? How big can the diameter of a hurricane become? 500 miles Earths polar regions (above 60Â ° latitude) are classified as deserts because cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation How does the Coriolis effect cause the atmosphere to move around high and low pressures in the Northern Hemisphere? -The coriolis effect causes air to move counterclockwise around low pressure-the coriolis effect causes air to move clockwise around high pressure Which of the following temperature and humidity conditions are most likely to be experienced in eastern Iowa after the cold front passes? cold and dry In the eastern Pacific of the Northern Hemisphere, which ocean temperatures are associated with the most hurricanes? 27 to 29 degrees C Which of the following associations between hurricanes—also known as typhoons and cyclones—and wind direction is most accurate? an east-to-west movement of hurricanes and easterly winds in the western Atlantic between 10Â ° and 20Â ° degrees north latitude Which of the following statements best describes the general relationship between ocean currents and hurricanes? Warm ocean currents and hurricane paths both broadly move from east to west between 10Â ° and 20Â ° degrees north latitude in the eastern Pacific. What is a cyclone? a center of low atmospheric pressure Which way does air converge on a cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere? in a counterclockwise direction Which way does air converge on a cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere? in a clockwise direction How does air move near the top of a cyclone? in the same direction as air in the upper atmosphere Why are cyclones generally associated with clouds and rain? air in cyclones undergoes cooling as it rises What is an anticylone? an center of high atmospheric pressure Which way does air move in an anticyclone in the Northern Hemisphere? down, and in a clockwise direction Which way does air move in an anticyclone in the Southern Hemisphere? down, and in a counterclockwise direction Why are anticyclones not generally associated with clouds and rain? air in anticyclones undergoes warming as it decends Hurricanes frequently make landfall on the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but rarely, if ever, occur on the Pacific coast. The primary reason for the rarity of west coast hurricanes is that the ocean water does not get warm enough to supply the needed heat energy for hurricanes The intensity of tropical cyclones is measured by meteorologists using the __________ scale. Saffir-Simpson Light and variable winds, warm and humid conditions, and frequent rainfall are characteristic of __________ oceanic climate zones. equatorial What is a cyclone? a center of low atmospheric pressure Which way does air converge on a cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere? in a counterclockwise direction Which way does air converge on a cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere? in a clockwise direction How does air move near the top of a cyclone? in the same direction as air in the upper atmosphere Why are cyclones generally associated with clouds and rain? air in cyclones undergoes cooling as it rises What is an anticylone? an center of high atmospheric pressure Which way does air move in an anticyclone in the Northern Hemisphere? down, and in a clockwise direction Which way does air move in an anticyclone in the Southern Hemisphere? down, and in a counterclockwise direction Why are anticyclones not generally associated with clouds and rain? air in anticyclones undergoes warming as it decends Hurricanes frequently make landfall on the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but rarely, if ever, occur on the Pacific coast. The primary reason for the rarity of west coast hurricanes is that the ocean water does not get warm enough to supply the needed heat energy for hurricanes The intensity of tropical cyclones is measured by meteorologists using the __________ scale. Saffir-Simpson Light and variable winds, warm and humid conditions, and frequent rainfall are characteristic of __________ oceanic climate zones. equatorial Of the following statements about the trade winds, which is/are true? The trade winds generally blow from eat to west-The trade winds are strong and steady winds, hence the name-The trade winds are found between about 5 and 30 degrees north or south latitude Of the following statements about the doldrums, which is/are true? -The doldrums are an area of low atmospheric pressure. -The doldrums are found as a global belt along the equator. -There is usually little wind but a lot of rain associated with the doldrums. -This is also known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). -The doldrums are the boundary between the northeast trade winds and the southeast trade winds. Surface winds in the tropics generally blow from the east towards the equator Which of the following are valid names of boundaries between global wind belts or at the poles? -the polar high -the polar front -the doldrums -the horse latitudes Hurricane Katrina moved 425 km during which of these time periods? August 28 at 10 A.M. to August 29 at 10 A.M. The organized, denser portion of Hurricane Katrina (not including the wispy outer spiral bands) was: 900 km in diameter on August 28 at 9 P.M. Which of the following statements about sea-surface temperatures during the time period covered by the animation is correct? The coldest temperature in the Gulf of Mexico was 27Â °C. Which of the following statements regarding sea-surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico during the time period covered by the animation is correct? Sea-surface temperature decreased after the passage of Hurricane Katrina due to the latent heat of condensation. Which of the following statements about water temperatures at 25Â ° N, 84Â ° W from August 25 to August 30 is correct? The temperature decreased from 32Â °C to 27Â °C. Where do glaciers form? in places where more snow falls in the winter than melts away in the summer What is the snow line? the elevation above which snow persists throughout the year What is the zone of wastage? the part of a glacier where snow melting exceeds snow accumulation Under what conditions will the front of a glacier remain stationary? Glacial fronts remain stationary when melting and snow accumulation are equal. What is an end moraine? a ridge of debris deposited at the end of a glacier How does an end moraine form? Pieces of rock are transported to the front of a glacier as ice within the glacier moves. Will plucking occur if a glacier is not advancing? Yes, because glacial ice is still moving inside the glacier even if the glacier’s front is not advancing. The thickness of sea ice is limited primarily by the insulating nature of the ice itself Of the following characteristics or features, which is/are associated with middle latitude storms, such as those that originate in the North Pacific Ocean between 40 and 60 degrees latitude? the prevailing westerlies contrasting air masses the jet stream the polar front Of the following characteristics or features, which is/are generally related to the formation or movement of hurricanes? -warm ocean water -the trade winds -waters latent heat of condensation -warm air with lots of water vapor Weather (short-term conditions of air temperature, wind speed/direction, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure) occurs because Earths surface is heated unevenly by the sun The percentage of solar radiation reflected from the surface of Earth back into space is known as the albedo An increase in Earths tilt would cause colder winters and warmer summers As discussed in the video, air always moves from _____ atmospheric pressure regions to _____ atmospheric pressure regions. high; low Earths atmosphere is heated primarily by re-radiation of solar energy from Earths surface back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation A zone of high atmospheric pressure results when there is relatively __________ air aloft. cool; dry