tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72593039918783386662023-11-15T06:42:23.069-08:00Buy term papers onlinePaper Presentation Topics For Computer Science Latestspecmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.comBlogger170125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-65005666943731399612020-08-27T16:56:00.001-07:002020-08-27T16:56:07.896-07:00Producing Complementary Products Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.comQuestion: Talk about the Producing Complementary Products. Answer: The Game Strategy Integral items are those wares that are associated, where the interest for one item depends on the cost of the other ware. Then again, substitute items are like opponent contenders going after the consideration of the client. Because of their disparities, separate game hypotheses concern them. In the first place, it is fundamental to think about whether as a specific item in the market is repeating or not. A few organizations will create explicit items ceaselessly without an end while others may give items just a single time or a couple of times. Along these lines, a game can either be interminably rehashed or one-time based (Dixit and Skeath, 2015, p.352). Organizations that are delivering reciprocal items over an all-encompassing period will require picking costs that permit accomplishment of a Nash balance for the advantages of the two organizations. Harmony is fundamental in such a case that one of the reciprocal makers expands the cost, the interest for the two products will low er. The clients will think that its difficult to purchase the items in light of the expanded by and large cost. Substitute items join an alternate methodology. In the one-gave game, an organization might be enticed to bring down its cost if its adversary will raise the equivalent. Be that as it may, since the opponent organization foresees a similar response as that of their rivals, they will be compelled to bring down the cost to share the benefits as opposed to getting a misfortune. So also, in the event of rehashed interminable deals, these organizations ought to figure out what sway the bringing of expenses up in the main deal will have on the eventual fate of the business (Dixit and Skeath, 2015, p.363). These makers may furtively connive to concede to costs to tag on their items. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that one part chooses to undermine the arrangement, future negative results may follow. Benefit relies upon the fruitful arranging and playing of these game hypotheses. Off base decision of game hypothesis and wrong methodologies will make misfortune it is possible that one or all organizations. For the instance of substitute makers, it is fundamental to accomplish a Nash balance on account of rehashed creation. For example, while thinking about a one-time business, one organization may settle on choices relying upon the hypotheses of the subsequent producer. In the event that organization A chooses to expand its costs with the expectation that B will do likewise, it might endure huge misfortunes on the off chance that organization B doesn't stay on course of raising the expense (Dixit and Skeath, 2015, p.357). In this way, organizations ought to proficiently arrange for when to increment or decline costs. If there should be an occurrence of rehashed creation, an organization ought to assess the outcomes of bringing down their expense to the next companys deals. In the event that such organizations consented to raise their costs, it is essential that they abstain from cheating to decrease any future impasses. Henceforth, benefits rely upon the understandings of organizations and their game methodologies. Complimentary markets have an alternate methodology. Since their creation is related, increases will rely upon the activity of the two makers. None of the organization needs to undermine an understanding of either expanding or bringing down the costs since it will influence them both contrarily. In the event that one maker chooses to lessen the cost, it will be to the greatest advantage of the complimentary organization to do likewise to guarantee that they don't lose clients. Arrangements for an understanding between associations is like that engaged with reciprocal items. The two arranging parties require meeting a pleasing term to serve the two. In the event that one gathering haggles at a greater expense to the detriment of the other, the dealings will end in differences (Dixit and Skeath, 2015, p.361). Since no gathering will profit in the event that differences, dealings ought to be coordinated towards a balance comparably to that in complimentary makers. In an association offers 120$ for the two gatherings, the discussions ought to be to choose the best arrangement for sharing the sum without surpassing the cutoff. If there should arise an occurrence of a concurrent move strategy, it will be shrewd for a gathering to assess the probability based on their rival personal preference a specific sum. Be that as it may, the best procedure is share the sum similarly. A case of a couple of substitute item might be among espresso and tea. The two organizations may choose to settle on either synchronous or intrigued choices in unendingly rehashed deals. On the off chance that the tea organization expands the cost during the main deal, it might acquire misfortunes when the espresso business brings down the equivalent. This activity will drive the tea organization to diminish their business cost everlastingly for the remainder of the business which will enlist low benefits for the two organizations. In any case, the organizations may choose to connive and consent to raise both of their evaluated to record more gains. Since none of the organizations has motivation to cheat in the rehashed deals, they may build their benefits to the detriment of the clients. Diesel and Lorries are two sets of correlative items. On the off chance that a lorry producer brings down the purchasing cost while that of diesel is still high, less clients will buy the two items. Decrease in clients will be because of the expanded complete expense of purchasing both diesel and the lorry. Along these lines, it is insightful for both the diesel and the lorry organization to bring down cost to pull in more clients since it will cost them less. Essentially, if the two organizations choose to raise the costs, there ought to be no maker that abuses this understanding since it will bring down benefits. These two items possibly work when they are together, which makes a need for the two makers to concur. One fundamental point to note is that even in a business that closes after one deal, collaboration is conceivable somewhat. Each organization should consider the most ideal move by the rival. Since the two organizations know that they have just one shot in a jail problem game around here, they ought to organize the acknowledgment of benefits (Dixit and Nalebuff, 2008, p.165). Along these lines, the organizations may coordinate to raise their costs. Be that as it may, this understanding has its difficulties, for example, cheating because of the absence of discipline. Then again, redundancy of these deals may give future participation because of an expansion in odds of discipline with each expansion in the recurrence of exchanges. At the point when organizations interface more, they gain proficiency with the practices of their rivals in business that can offer ascent to aberrant participation in dread of discipline or misfortunes (Dixit and Nalebuff, 2008, p.167). The recurrence of coo peration can likewise prompt a higher possibility of cheating. For example, if a firm understands that their rivals can't rebuff them enough in the wake of resisting the understanding, such a firm could choose to proceed with its conduct. The tolerance of an organization to stay in an arrangement without veering off impacts long haul collaboration in the business. Anxious dealers may spurn the agreement and settle on an alternate strategy that can balance the fair as of now set up. A case of a fitting situation where the recurrence of communication impact attainability of collaboration is that of waste gathering firms in Florida. These organizations had set up arrangements that guaranteed that any cheating by bringing down costs got discipline, which included removing around 5 of the organizations clients. The contradicting firm pulled in these clients through the arrangement of lower costs when contrasted with the conning organization. After some time, the bamboozling decreased empowering the reestablishment of the past understandings. Be that as it may, restoring the understanding didn't happen promptly because of the difficult idea of the duping firm. The last originally watched the result of lying and its impact on the general undertaking. It understood that its activities were causing more mischief than anything since clients diminished with each occurrence of cheating. Accordingly, the best move was to desert the represent their endurance and the fortifyi ng of their relationship. List of sources Dixit, A.K., and Nalebuff, B.J., 2008. The Art of Strategy: A Game Theorists Guide to Success in Business and Life (New York: W. W Norton). Dixit, A.K. what's more, Skeath, S., 2015.Games of Strategy: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-41823204766628068672020-08-22T22:13:00.001-07:002020-08-22T22:13:24.262-07:002 Body Paragraphs- Journey of the MagiExcursion of the Magi-T. S Eliot Two body sections utilizing PEEAL, including 2/3 genuine models This sonnet, Journey of the magi by T. S Eliot investigates the possibility that an excursion can include hindrances and difficulties. The magi are confronted with challenges, hardships and inconveniences, for example, the antagonistic vibe from the regular world and people and lack of sleep. In the primary verse the line ââ¬Å"The ways profound and the climate sharpâ⬠an upset sentence structure is utilized to put accentuation on the sufferings and challenges of the journey.Along with this line in the main refrain a rundown of objections are composed, ââ¬Å" Then the camel men reviling and protesting/and fleeing, and needing their alcohol and ladies,/and the night-fires going out, and the absence of their sanctuaries, and the urban areas threatening and the towns unpleasant/and the towns grimy, and charging significant expenses. :â⬠the utilization of posting in this verse pa sses on to the peruser the afflictions looked by the creatures, men and the magi. Posting makes an aggregate impact, making the effect and feel of the inconveniences increment as the rundown goes on.An suspicion about excursions that can be produced using this sonnet is likewise that physical excursions lead to self-awareness or modified points of view. The magi once they have seen the introduction of Jesus can't see anything in a similar light any longer. The line in the last refrain ââ¬Å"I ought to be happy of another deathâ⬠recommends the persona nearly anticipates his possible passing since he comprehends that there is eternal life. It could likewise imply that the persona longs for another restoration or another snapshot of new understanding. In the last verse the line ââ¬Å"but set down/This set down.This:â⬠is an enjambment that places accentuation on the new understanding that the magi have accomplished. It is additionally a monosyllabic line, which captures th e pace of the sonnet and powers the peruser to stop and focus on the message of the persona. An extraordinary model demonstrating the difference in context by the magi would be toward the finish of refrain 3, the word decision of ââ¬Å"these kingdomsâ⬠and ââ¬Å"alienâ⬠adds to the magiââ¬â¢s sentiments of partition from the old world request and ââ¬Å"palacesâ⬠in verse 1 contrasted with the selection of words in verse 3 ââ¬Å"placesâ⬠shows the possibility of another discernment and point of view. specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-76651655732573814872020-08-22T12:34:00.001-07:002020-08-22T12:34:33.453-07:00PC Solutions IT Professional Frank WallaceQuestion: Compose a paper on PC Solutions. Answer: Presentation This report is set up on the organization PC Solutions which furnish individuals with the PCs. It was begun by an IT Professional Frank Wallace who was the main author of the organization and began as a one-man brand. At first it began with offering the work area to the individuals who utilized them in their homes. Be that as it may, presently the organization grew up step by step and has around 75 representatives who work under it (Roberts, 1996). This report is will give a diagram of the organization and will clarify about the issues looked by the organization and how they can be survived. It will clarify about the qualities and the shortcomings of the hierarchical culture. It will suggest an arrangement for Frank for the territories where something must be changed with the methods of actualizing the progressions too. Furthermore, finally it will give what influential position Frank ought to receive for the best working inside the association. Issues looked by the Company PC Solutions doesnt chip away at an enormous scope yet yes looking to its development from beginning as a one-man brand presently has 75 representatives. As the association doesnt have numerous individuals so it tends to be overseen effectively yet the organizations face numerous issues. The association is isolated into four utilitarian zones Sales, Administration, Customer Services and Software Development. The organization faces a few or the other issue in each office. The principle issues are the ones that need to manage the clients (Huang, 2003). The consumer loyalty is must for each association. The fundamental issues looked by the IT organizations are keeping the innovation refreshed, showcasing relations, client support, concentrating on the client criticism. The principle issue the organization is confronting is the administration of all the utilitarian offices. The administration between the divisions is significant. The principle issue that ought to be considered by Frank is the administration of exercises and the coordination of the work between the divisions. For instance, if an individual brings in the client support office and whine about the product issue in the PCs then subsequent to tackling his concern the message ought to be given to the Software Development Department for they ought to think about this issue and should attempt that it ought not be rehashed in different PCs (Britton, 2013). This must be finished by looking with regards to why this issue happened in order to consider them and locate a changeless answer for it. The following issue that happens a great deal in practically all the IT organizations including PC arrangements too is adjusting between the Feedback and Focus. Now and then the criticism that the client gives after he utilizes a specific item is helpful for the authoritative improvement as he tends to the new highlights which he requires in that item. For instance, a client subsequent to utilizing the Desktop PC says that it ought to be sleeker and ought to be increasingly alluring in its look. So in the wake of tuning in to this specific input of the client the organization should concentrate on the structuring of the work area (Anderson, 1996). The criticism of the clients ought to be thought of and engaged too however the organization ought to never move out of its bearings for the change. As it were, if the change required by the client will change the item worth or its course then it ought not be considered as the criticism of the client are as per their need and not agreeing t he vision of the organization. The first focal point of the organization ought not be lost. At the end of the day, the creativity of the item ought to be kept up. The consumer loyalty ought to be the need of each organization. As when the client will be fulfilled at exactly that point the organization can develop. At the point when the issues of the clients will be tackled then they will have inspiration towards the association which will in all pull in more clients towards the association. The qualities and shortcomings of Organizations culture Associations culture speaks to the associations convictions and the standards which must be trailed by the representatives and the administration. It incorporates the associations vision and strategic every single worker considers for the accomplishment of the predefined objectives. It is the example in the association by which each part takes care of the issues and manage the circumstances in a specific way. Each circumstance has a fitting conduct which can be utilized to defeat that issue (Riehle, 2010). Each new part is prepared with the way of life in the association so he additionally knows the example of managing distinctive circumstance in the association. The way of life in each association is either solid or frail. The solid culture is the one where all the workers of the association follows the fitting example and doesnt slip in applying it. This is known as a solid culture as all the issues in the association are handily understood by the workers by following their prepared example (Cusumano, 1998). While then again frail culture is the one where the qualities and example of the association isn't followed. The workers are not completely adjusted towards that specific association conduct. The way of life in each association has its own qualities and shortcomings. First mulling over the qualities we can say that the quality of the organization relies upon the thickness of culture which implies the measure of qualities and convictions it comprises (Stroube, 2002). The more qualities will have more example of proper conduct which can give the workers answers for practically all the circumstances. In this way, the thicker the way of life of the association the smoother will be its working just if the representatives obviously comprehend the authoritative conduct. As such, we can say that the thick culture will contain more suspicions and qualities in contrast with the dainty culture. Contrasting this quality and our organization PC Solutions we can say that the organization is thick in its way of life as each office is designated with their own example of work and with their proper conduct. The second proportion of solidarity is the degree to which the workers share their involvement with managing the issues in the association. The more the individuals will impart their experience of managing to the issues there will be an expansion in the quality of the organization as all the representatives will be all the more secure with the activities that they need to take in managing similar circumstances. Contrasting this quality and the organization we can say that the workers of the organization don't impart quite a bit of their experience to one another. The organization gets a lot of advantage with the sharing procedure between the laborers. The last proportion of solidarity is the clearness in the association or we can say the more the straightforward the working in the association the more it will prompt a superior association (Martin, 2005). This is the quality of the PC Solutions. The working of the association is absolutely clear or straightforward. The individual in o ne division is completely mindful of what is happening in the other office. The shortcomings in the association influence the working of the association. The multifaceted nature of the work in the association is the shortcoming of any association. In the event that the working in the association is unpredictable than it will be hard for the association to prepare their staff and give them the reasonable information about the association (Swartzlander, 2013). Contrasting with PC Solutions the working in the association is clear. As it were, it isn't intricate. So this isn't the shortcoming of the association. In some cases individuals dont comprehend the guiding principle in the association which can lead the organization into bombing course. The organization PC Solutions needs its representative to follow the fundamental beliefs indicated. For instance, PC Solutions takes more consideration towards the client administrations or consumer loyalty (Heckl, 2007). So if the new representatives or even the bygone one don't comprehend this guiding principle of the association it is of no utilization. Candid the pioneer of the organization must be stricter for that as in some cases a few representatives are reckless for this issue. Wellsprings of protection from change Protection from change is the undesirable changes in the association from the representatives perspective or we can say that when the negligible changes in the association isn't adequate by its workers. There are reasons why the laborers oppose evolving. The primary purposes behind protection from change are frailty of the representatives, poor correspondence in the association, sentiment of avoidance in the event that they won't get it, any advantages or rewards (Lee, 2006). At whatever point there is a use of progress in an IT organization then it is hard for the representatives to join for the change. As they generally need to avoid the progressions in light of the fact that basically the progressions are the refreshing the innovation. So the day by day changes in the association influence them a ton as they imagine that they again need to make a profound report to get it. Once in a while the change doesnt get fruitful in view of the poor correspondence in the association (Wong, 2006). The higher specialists dont convey in a specific example which can be acknowledged effectively by the individuals of the association. Same is with the organization PC Solutions the individuals are not prepared for the innovation refreshes as there is an every day change in the innovation which gets hard for them to comprehend and apply it day by day. Now and then the individuals in the association are in the confusion saying that the change will diminish their incentive in the association. The individuals are progressively worried about their very own development as opposed to the development of the association overall. They can't comprehend the reality their development is straightforwardly identified with the development of the association (Guide Jr, 2005). As there association will develop and be refreshed with the innovation the individuals in the association will naturally develop. To the extent arranging is consid specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-40415750964796455252020-08-21T19:55:00.001-07:002020-08-21T19:55:27.757-07:00PEACE BUILDING PROCESS EssayStrife alludes to the condition of restriction, contradiction or incongruence between at least two individuals which is some of the time described by physical brutality. Struggle happen in various structures, for example, limit and regional clashes, common wars and inward clashes having worldwide repercussions, progression clashes in domains decolonized and political ideological clashes. In the other hand post strife is the circumstance where open fighting has reached a conclusion. Such circumstance stays tense for a considerable length of time and can without much of a stretch backslide into enormous scope savagery. Harmony building portrays mediations that are intended to forestall the beginning of rough clash by making reasonable harmony. This beginning before struggle starts or it closes. Post strife harmony building implies activity to recognize and bolster structures which will in general fortify and harden harmony so as to evade backslide into struggle. Harmony building proces s takes various measurements as indicated by researchers. As indicated by Barnett et al. post harmony building process follows three measurements that is balancing out post strife zone; reestablishing state establishments and managing social and financial issues. Balancing out post strife; Peace building exercises legitimately endeavor to diminish the methods accessible, and the motivating forces, for entertainers to come back to struggle. They incorporate demilitarization (removing weapons), grounding, reintegration programs (re-coordinating previous soldiers into common society), security area change, and arms control for light and overwhelming weapons frameworks. The initial three exercises (Disarmament, Demobilization, Re-incorporating or DDR) are extensive procedure at the center of harmony working as DDR is utilizes as preventive intercession that is the center segment of harmony understanding. Specialists ought to be forewarned in utilizing DDR approach since it doesn't give panacea and it must be comprehended that similarly as circumstances change, so do potential arrangements contrast. Reestablishing state foundations; this measurement will in general strengthen building state ability to give essential open products and increment state authenticity. Exercises associated with this measurement including modifying fundamental offices, transportation and correspondence organize, utilities; building wellbeing and t raining framework. But since worldwide entertainers don't visualize playing state-like capacities long into the future, they likewise give some level of specialized and limit building help for state institutionsââ¬even as they bolster equal NGOââ¬â¢s or private division structures that may work outside of or copy state capacities. For example, worldwide money related organizations regularly give specialized help with the goal that state establishments can build up the ability to fabricate, screen, and manage fundamental monetary and budgetary exercises. Managing social and monetary issues, programs in this setting endeavor to assemble the stateââ¬â¢s as well as societyââ¬â¢s capacity to oversee strife calmly and build up the financial foundation important to support financial turn of events. Exercises incorporate injury guiding; transitional equity and rebuilding; network exchange; building spans between networks; expanding harmony adherence of human rights; sexual orientation strengthening; raising ecological mindfulness; advancing monetary turn of events and building up a common society and private division that can speak to differing interests and difficulties the state calmly (Barnett,2007). By and large, it sets aside some effort to address delicacy and building harmony and it is done best from the base up particularly through common society and neighborhood government yet many post struggle nations have feeble nearby structures which need help. Sri Lanka is a case of the basic nation that legislature has in a post-struggle circumstance and where it needs to work in association with national organizations, republic and worldwide accomplices. These establishments may capacity to reestablish nearby foundation, give new houses, guarantee essential administrations and empower neighborhood financial turn of events. Significant associations that work overall UN Peace-building Commission (PBC), UN Peace-building Fund (PBF), World Bank, International Monetary Fund and European Commission. In a similar line of thought the backings gave by specific associations are insufficient as they are embraced flexibly determined than the interest driven that is they give harmony building administration in which their associations practices, a bit much that the beneficiary most needs. References Barnett, M., Kim, H., Oââ¬â¢Donnell, M. what's more, Sitea, L. (2007). ââ¬Å"Peace building: What is in a name?â⬠. Worldwide administration. 13:35-38 Muggah, R. (2006). ââ¬Å"Managing post struggle zones: DDR and weapons reduction.â⬠In little arms review year book 2005: weapons at war (little arms study), 21 Schirch, L. (2013). Strife Assessment and Peacebuilding Planning. CO: Lynn Reinner Press. UN General gathering (n.d). Demilitarization, Demobilization and Re-intergration. para 9-10 Wright, C. Harmony working in post-struggle states. London, 2013 specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-54015062301714697832020-08-21T10:16:00.001-07:002020-08-21T10:16:28.335-07:00Writing a Literature Review Paper - The Basics to Help YouWriting a Literature Review Paper - The Basics to Help YouWhen you write a literature review paper, you will often find yourself in a situation where the material is not very engaging. This can be especially true when you are reviewing an academic book, or a book on music that has an exceptional reputation for being hard to read. This is why you need to write a style guide to help you avoid this kind of situation.First of all, you want to try writing in an essay format instead of a report format. This is because your target audience is the general public, and so they are much more likely to be able to follow a well-written essay than they are to be able to follow a report.Secondly, you need to write your review in a style that makes it easy for you to read and to understand. This means that the focus should be on the quality of the writing, and not the style.Thirdly, you need to make sure that you learn the basics of grammar, or at least know how to do it correctly. There are many pe ople who have developed their writing skills through experience, so when they have to write a literature review paper, they may have a certain set of standards for writing that they use. You may be a good writer, but you probably will not be as good at using correct grammar as you would if you knew how to write the right way from the start.Fourthly, it is also an appropriate choice to give some thought to the type of writing you are going to do before you begin writing your paper. For example, you might want to consider using a different tone than you normally would in a report or journal-style article. If you choose this option, you may find that you will need to tweak your style somewhat.Finally, it is important to remember that there are different writing styles and genres, and you should use this fact to your advantage. Instead of thinking that you need to base your writing entirely on a particular style, you should learn how to write according to your own taste, and you will be surprised at how easy it is.Remember that there are many styles of writing, and you need to use this fact to your advantage when you are writing your paper. It is also important to remember that a style is not always something that needs to be corrected; instead, you may find that your audience will take a liking to your style and thus enjoy reading it as well.Remember that you will often find yourself in a situation where you are writing a literature review paper, but you will also find that the material is hard to read. So when you write your paper, remember to take care of these things and you will be able to ensure that your audience will be able to follow your style. specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-40051903353618539702020-06-27T04:38:00.001-07:002020-06-27T04:38:07.322-07:00Mergers And Acquisitions In India An Analytical Study Finance Essay - Free Essay Example Business Combinations are a critical part of the fabric of doing business in a free market economy and are deeply ingrained in the business strategy the world over. Such combinations include mergers, acquisitions and other forms of corporate restructuring undertaken both within a country and across international boundaries. The intensity of MA activity in US in 1990s was unlike any other year in US history. Following a drop in both the number of transactions and the total dollar volume during the 1990 recession, MA activity rebounded sharply in 1992.Deals during the nineties were prompted more by strategic considerations and used less debt as compared to 1990s. The financial environment which was quite favorable in terms of vibrant stock markets and relatively low interest rates facilitated the resurgence of MA activity in US. Mergers and acquisitions worldwide have jumped 30% in 2006 to hit an all time record $3.7 trillion in 2006, surpassing the 2000 high of $3.4 trillion, according to data released by Thomson Financial. While the US was the most targeted country for acquisitions, representing over 40% of global MA activity, the UK was the most targeted European country for acquisitions, with $339 billion of cross border and domestic transactions. The year 2007 was again a record year for global MA volumes which were estimated at a record figure of around $4.4 and $4.7 billion accordi ng to global deal tracking firms Thomson Financials and Dealogic respectively. The global financial crisis has sent many economies around the globe into recession and has dramatically changed the business plans and outlook the world over. The global economy plunged into recession in the latter half of the year 2008. This period witnessed a combination of severe banking crises in many mature economies like US, the squeezing of credit lines, colossal house price corrections and widespread collapse in fixed investments. While the recession may be easing, as a sequel to the massive fiscal stimulus measures taken by the governments of the countries concerned and world bodies, the recovery is going to be slow and patchy. [The Great Thornton International Business Report (IBR) 2009]. MA activities gained traction globally in the fourth quarter of 2009,witnessing a rise in value by 46% to $739.6billion which was $150 billion higher than any other quarter in 2009(Business Standard,20th Ma rch,2010). This has clearly thrown a hint at a resurgence of MA activity in the New Year 2010 according to deal tracking firm Dealogic. MAs in the Indian Context The Indian economy has experienced a major structural transformation following the introduction of economic reforms by the Government of India in 1991. The forces of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization unleashed by these reforms have brought about a sea change in the traditional Indian business mindset. Indian business leaders started thinking in terms of inorganic growth both within and beyond the borders of the country. In this backdrop, MA presented a viable alternative for the businesses aspiring to grow quickly and gain the benefits of sustainable competitive advantage by realizing the benefits of scale and scope economies, fast changing technologies for effectively facing rapidly intensifying domestic and international competition. Many corporates embarked upon several corporate restructuring activities like MAs, Joint Ventures, Spin-offs and Divestitures. The major industry sectors affected by the forces of consolidation in India, though varied from time to time, were mostly in the realm of infrastructure sectors like cement, power, steel, drugs, telecommunications and media entertainment and banking. Caught between a global financial crisis and economic slowdown, merger and acquisition (MA) and private equity (PE) investments in India have almost halved both in volume and value terms in 2009. The total value of MA and PE deals announced in 2009 was $21.20 billion against $41.54 billion in 2008. Top deals in the year 2009 have occurred in the oil and gas sector followed by telecom, pharmaceuticals, healthcare and biotech while in the year 2008 the top deals were spread across various sectors. It may also be noted that in 2008, cash-rich Indian companies like Infosys Technologies made new acquisitions both in India and abroad as target companies valuations dropped significantly. A survey of Indian corporate managers conducted by Grant Thornton (2006), across various sectors, revealed that MAs continued to be a significant form of busi ness strategy for the Indian corporates. The results of the survey further indicated that improvement in revenue and profitability, faster growth in scale and quicker time to market, acquisition of new technology or competence and elimination of competition and increase in market share were by far the most important motives for MAs in India. Selection of Indian Banking Sector for the present study Recent times have witnessed the world economy develop serious difficulties in terms of failure of major banking financial institutions and declining demand. Prospects became very uncertain causing recession in major economies. However, amidst all this chaos engulfing the world economy, Indias banking sector has been amongst the few to maintain resilience. A progressively growing balance sheet, higher pace of credit expansion, expanding profitability and productivity akin to banks in developed markets, lower incidence of non-performing assets(NPAs) and increased focus on financial inclusion by the Government of India and RBI have contributed to making Indian banking vibrant and strong. Indian banks have begun to revise their growth strategy and re-evaluate the prospects to keep the economy rolling. The way forward for the Indian banks is to innovate to take advantage of the new business opportunities besides ensuring continuous assessment of risks. Against this backdrop, we have selected Indian banking sector as the theme of our Mergers and Acquisitions research study in the Indian context. MAs in the Indian Banking Sector During the last two decades, the Indian banking sector has undergone a metamorphic change following the economic reform process initiated by the Government of India. The forces of globalization, deregulation and liberalization unleashed by the economic reforms, set in motion in 1991, have transformed the face of the Indian financial services sector landscape , including that of the Indian banking sector in a big way. There has been a paradigm shift from a regulated to a deregulated environment. Deregulation in the form of elimination of exchange controls and interest rate ceilings have made the market place much more competitive. Innovation and keeping pace with technological change have become a must for survival of the firms in the financial services industry including banking sector. The changes that have taken place in the banking sector have witnessed quite a few mergers and acquisitions (MAs). The commercialbanking sector in India has made remarkable progress since the eco nomic reforms in 1991.The entire financial sector the banking sector in particular is of fundamental importance to a developing economy. The Narasimham Committee report in August 1991 highlighted the need for financial sector reforms and fostering competitive spirit in the Indian banking sector. The report also suggested a roadmap to achieve this objective. The central theme of the reforms was straight forward: providing a necessary platform to the banking sector to operate on the basis of operational flexibility and functional autonomy, thereby enhancing efficiency, productivity and profitability. The Government did not accept all the recommendations due to political compulsions and the practical difficulties in implementation. In 1997, a second committee was set up (under M. Narasimham) to specifically suggest further measures for banking sector reforms. The second Narasimham committee, in its report submitted in April, 1998 had suggested, inter alia mergers among strong banks , both in the public and private sectors. Since the onset of reforms in 1990, according to the RBI report, 22 bank amalgamations, have taken place in India (up to 2007). While, the amalgamations of banks were primarily driven by weak financials of the merging banks prior to 1999, in the post-1999 period there have been mergers between healthy banks prompted by business and commercial considerations. The mergers of the largest commercial bank of India, SBI with State Bank of Saurashtra and State Bank of Indore and the proposed merger of Bank of Rajasthan (BOR) with the ICICI Bank are the latest among such mergers. The main motivation for the study is the sustained effort made by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India towards consolidating the Indian Baking sector, especially in the post-liberalization period of the Indian economy. In this context, while the Government of India and the RBI argue that (in the words of Mr. Chidambaram, former finance minister) consolid ation of the banking sector would result in economies of scale and help the Indian banks acquire the much needed critical mass to compete effectively in the global arena, the present level of research does not clearly bring out the benefits of consolidation, especially in the banking sector. The research study (divided into three stages) therefore attempts to examine the effectiveness of the consolidation exercise of the RBI to enhance the competitiveness of the Indian Banking industry employing a ratio based approach in the first stage and makes a few suggestions which might enable the policy makers to sharpen their thinking in the area and help them in adopting a more rigorous and critical approach to consolidation, which is necessarily a time-consuming and complex process. The importance of an efficient banking system in the long term growth of a developing economy like India can hardly be overemphasized. Studies of this nature are very significant for the policy makers, indus try leaders and even the investing public who are keen to know the strengths and weaknesses of the banking system of the country. The analysis of bank efficiency is significant from both the microeconomic and macroeconomic perspectives (Berger and Humphrey, 1997).The issue is crucial from microeconomic perspective because of the emerging competitive business scenario and the steps taken by the government and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to liberalize the banking system. From the macroeconomic perspective the issue gains crucial importance in the context of the influence that efficiency exercises on the cost structure of the banking system and the overall growth and stability of the financial markets. The motivation for the second stage of the study stems from the crucial role of Mergers and Acquisitions (MAs) in shaping the restructuring process of the Indian banking sector in future. Quite a few studies conducted to evaluate the impact of bank mergers have adopted either acco unting based or market based approaches, with each one having its own strengths and shortcomings. The results of event studies seem to depend substantially on technical details such the length of the event window selected. Further meaningful price data exist only for those banks whose shares are actively, publicly traded (Yaakov Amihud et al, 1998). The bottom line of accounting studies is that there is no clear relation, on average, between acquisitions and subsequent accounting performance. One plausible explanation is that the accounting data are too noisy to isolate the effects of acquisition. This is plausible given the transformation the accounts of the merging firms go through at the merger (restatements, special amortization and depreciation, merger related costs etc) (Steven.N. Kaplan, 2006). While the period of study in many research studies conducted to evaluate banking efficiency, especially in the context of bank mergers in India is relatively short, the present study c overs a fairly long period over which a sizeable number of bank mergers (in India ) have taken place. The present study therefore addresses an important gap in the literature by providing the most recent evidence on the efficiency of bank mergers in the Indian context. To evaluate the post-merger efficiencies of acquiring banks undergoing mergers, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and DEA-Malmquist productivity index approaches have been employed. Further, the study also employs Tobit regression technique to identify the major determinants of the efficiency of Indian commercial banks. The third and final stage of the study examines the customer perception of service quality post-merger/marketing implications of commercial bank mergers in India. The Indian banking sector has witnessed massive transformation in terms of the sophistication and innovation in the product and service mix, technological upgradation, customer reach and sectoral coverage fully exploiting the opportunities w hich help increasing revenues while optimizing on costs. At the same time, the expectations of the consumers of banking services have increased many fold. The entry of private and foreign banks has changed the competitive landscape and ushered in an era of intense competition. As a result, the customer has become the focal point in the decision making process of a bank and factoring his views/expectations in designing or developing various banking products, services and strategies is a must for achieving sustainable competitive advantage. Hence it is an imperative necessity to factor the customer view point on the post-merger service quality of commercial banks in India. Towards this end, a questionnaire based survey approach has been adopted to evaluate the marketing implications of commercial bank mergers in India besides employing Factor analysis methodology to identify the critical factors influencing the customer perception of commercial bank mergers in India. Objectives of the Study The present study has the following objectives: Ratio Analysis approach for evaluating the post-merger performance of select commercial banks: To evaluate the financial performance of the commercial banks before and after merger, during the period 1994-2009 (post-reform period) To summarize the findings and offer appropriate recommendations for the future banking merger policy of the Government of India/Reserve Bank of India. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to evaluate the post-merger performance of commercial banks in India To understand the role of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in evaluating the relative efficiencies (Technical, Scale, Cost and Profit) of Decision Making Units (DMUs) in a given sample. To investigate the empirical evidence on the efficiency/productivity gains of the Indian commercial banks during the post-reform (deregulated) period. To examine the role of commercial bank mergers in efficiency gains, if any, in the post-reform period. To identify the factors which critically influence the efficiency and productivity of commercial banks in India. To suggest measures to the policy makers (Government of India and the RBI) for effective implementation of merger policy of commercial banks in India. Marketing implications of commercial bank mergers/customer perceptions of post-merger service quality of commercial banks in India. To understand the marketing implications of commercial bank mergers in general and in the Indian context. To identify the key factors influencing the perception of customers on bank mergers in India. To explore whether different demographic/behavioral groups have unique service needs and deserve distinct promotional appeals in the marketing strategy formulation of commercial banks. To suggest measures aimed at improving the service quality of the commercial banks in India in the face of mergers. Hypotheses of the Study: The following hypotheses have been set up for testing for statistical significance of each financial ratio separately (Stage 1: Ratio analysis approach). H0: There is no significant change in the financial ratio due to the MA event. H1: There is significant change in the financial ratio due to the MA event. Keeping the objectives in perspective, and having regard to the results of past research in the area of measuring post-merger efficiencies under Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach (Stage 2) in the global and Indian banking sectors, which were at best mixed, the following four hypotheses have been framed to seek empirical evidence on the impact of mergers on the efficiency of Indian banking sector in the post-reform period. Hypothesis: 1 (Technical Efficiency) H0: Technical efficiency (TE) of acquiring bank will not improve in the post-merger scenario. H1: Technical efficiency(TE) of acquiring bank will improve in the post-merger scenario Hypothesis: 2 (Scale Efficiency) H0: Scale efficiency of acquiring bank will not improve in the post-merger scenario. H1: Scale efficiency of acquiring bank will improve in the post-merger scenario. Hypothesis: 3 (Cost or X- Efficiency) H0: Cost or X- Efficiency of acquiring bank will not improve in the post-merger scenario. H1: Cost or X- Efficiency of acquiring bank will improve in the post-merger scenario. Hypothesis: 4 (Profit Efficiency) H0: Profit Efficiency of acquiring bank will not improve in the post-merger scenario. H1: Profit Efficiency of acquiring bank will improve in the post-merger scenario. To evaluate the marketing implications/customer perception (Stage 3) of commercial bank mergers in India, having regard to the review of literature in this regard, the following hypotheses have been proposed: Ho: There is no significant association between respondents demographic/behavioral characteristics and their perception of the effect of commercial bank mergers and acquisitions on the quality of banking services. H1: There is significant association between respondents demographic/behavioral characteristics and their perception of the effect of commercial bank mergers and acquisitions on the quality of banking services. Review of literature: About 200 relevant research papers from important journals and other pertinent text books and websites have been reviewed to identify the gaps, which offer s cope for the present study. Research Methodology and Sampling Design: To evaluate the post-merger performance of sampled commercial banks, Ratio Analysis approach has been employed in the first stage of the research. To test whether there was a significant difference between pre and post-merger 3-year average (window period selected, excluding the merger year) values of the selected ratios, t-test has been employed. In the second stage of the research, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) program written by Coelli(1996) , post-merger efficiencies of select commercial banks have been evaluated. While there is no consensus in the literature, on the best choice of inputs and outputs for efficiency evaluation of banks, the study adopts intermediation approach and input orientation for evaluating Technical, Cost(or X-) and Profit efficiencies. DEA- Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) has been made use of to examine the impact of technological frontier shift in bringing about a change in average bank productivity subsequent to the merger. Further, Tobi t regression has been employed to identify the critical factors influencing the efficiency of the Indian banking sector. In the third and final stage of the research, to evaluate the customer perception/marketing implications of bank mergers, the survey-questionnaire method has been adopted. Each customer has been evaluated on 20 parameters and the degree of perception of customers has been quantified using a five point Likert scale. To test whether there is significant association between the demographic/behavioral variables and the customer perception, Chi-square test (at 5% level of significance) has been employed and Factor analysis has been done using SPSS version 16 to identify the critical factors influencing the customer perception in the face of commercial bank mergers in India. A sample of 11 commercial bank mergers has been employed for the purpose of ratio analysis (first stage of the study), the study period being 1994-2009.To arrive at this sample, all the commercia l bank mergers occurring during the said period have been taken from the RBIs data base (www.rbi.org.in) . However, in doing so i) the overlapping mergers during the window period and ii) those bank mergers where the target banks were either co-operative banks or Local area banks(LABs) whose cost structure and nature of operations would be substantially different from those of the commercial banks, have been excluded. For the second stage of the research study, the sample, chosen on a judgmental basis and by seeking expert opinion, consisted of 27 commercial banks (twenty major public sector banks and seven new generation private sector commercial banks).This would encompass 8 commercial bank mergers(of which six include a public sector bank as acquiring bank and two from private sector as acquiring banks). For the final stage of our analysis, the customer sample size was 280 drawn from both the public and private sector banks in Hyderabad city, in the ratio of 75:25 respectively, t he ratio having been decided on the basis of the number of public and private sector bank branches in the Hyderabad city and the volume of average business handled by them. Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations: To sum up, the evidence reviewed here examines the issue of Mergers Acquisitions in the Indian banking sector from three broad perspectives i) ratio based analysis of post-merger performance of the commercial banks in India ii) DEA based evaluation of post-merger efficiencies of the commercial banks in India, the role of technological progress/technical efficiency in enhancing the productivity of the banks post-merger, and identification of the major factors influencing the efficiency of the banking sector in India and finally iii) studying the marketing implications of commercial bank mergers in India. While the ratio analysis yields mixed results concerning the impact of bank mergers on the performance of Indian commercial banks, DEA analysis looks at the post-merg er scenario of commercial banks of India more positively and favorably. The ratio analysis lends credence to the thinking that mergers can help commercial banks achieve superior profitability if the bank management looks at the following crucial dimensions of bank financial management: Analysis of operational parameters indicates a significant increase in Operating expenses to Average Working Funds (AWF) and a significant decline in Efficiency ratio (not efficiency) post-merger. The smaller the efficiency ratio, the more profitable is the bank, all other factors being equal. It is also observed from the results that the ratio of Operating expenses to Total expenses has increased significantly after the merger. While the increase in operating expenses to some extent is natural post-merger, better control over operating expenses in the change scenario could help the merged bank in converting more of total income into net income or net profit. Improved and more sophisticate d techniques need to be employed by the bank in managing the asset portfolio to meet liquidity need in order to achieve increased returns from the assets acquired through merger. The results further indicate that there is a significant improvement in the Equity multiplier (EM) or the financial leverage of the acquiring bank and its Return on investment (ROI) has increased from 13.70% to 15.80% post-merger. Earnings multiplier or financial leverage should be used very carefully by the bank management. Literature indicates that top-earning banks generally economize on using high cost equity capital and lay more emphasis on the earnings-leveraging effects of relatively less costly short and long term debt. In this context, the financial synergies that the merged entity (bank) is likely to enjoy, gains prominence. Financial leverage works in favor of the bank when the earnings are positive, but on the flip side, it magnifies the negative impact of losses. EM represents a risk meas ure because it reflects how many assets can go into default before a bank becomes insolvent. It is also found that the Net interest margin (NIM) has increased from 1.90% to 2.30% post-merger. This is an extremely important measure in evaluating a banks ability to manage interest rate risk. State of the art risk management techniques should be put in place post-merger so that banks exposure to various types of risk is minimized and losses do not overtake income and equity capital. The need for expanding fee income has become a key element in bank strategies to increase profits in recent years. Deregulation of the banking industry has put added pressure on banks to charge fees for every service they render to their clients. This has led to many innovations in developing new fee-generating services, like portfolio management, wealth management and depository services which MAs in banks facilitate. Management of non-performing assets is a another critical area for banks faci ng mergers as it has often been found that the target banks, especially in the regulator dictated mergers, are generally saddled with their own share of bad debts. While the proportion of NPAs is broadly controlled (around 2% to 3%), there is an increased need to for the commercial banks in India to manage their credit risk by monitoring their loan portfolios efficiently in the post-merger scenario. Analysis of productivity parameters shows that the average net income per employee has increased from 2.70% to 3.40% post-merger. Further, significant increases have been observed in average Business per employee(BPE),Operating profit per employee, Assets per employee and the Loans per employee ratios of acquiring banks post-merger.Employee productivity is generally higher among top earners. A merger offers logically more scope for the larger bank to manage more assets and increase its income per employee which in turn will enable them to pay higher salaries to the more productive emp loyees. From the efficiency analysis(Using DEA), It is observed that the scale efficiency has improved in a majority of the sampled acquiring banks post-merger though the same can not be said about the pure technical efficiency (PTE), a kind of input oriented efficiency of the bank. This lends credence to the view that bank size is clearly an important factor in maintaining improved profitability and technical efficiency. This view also receives support from the Tobit analysis of the TE of the sampled banks. Based on existing trends and changes in economic environments, future consolidation of the banking sector in India will likely involve mergers between both public sector and private sector banks. Though the mergers of SBIs associates with itself (the latest one in the news being State Bank of Indore) have been happening at regular intervals, the same is not the case with public sector banks in general though they account for about 75% of the market share of the business. Henc e to remove inefficiencies primarily of technical nature, it is suggested that mergers among public sector banks is a strategic imperative. The global trends also indicate the continuation of consolidation of banks in EU, Asia to exploit the synergies of mergers. While the study does not find significant cost-efficiency gains in bank mergers, consolidation appears to increase profit efficiency and to help diversify the portfolio risks of the participants on an average. Y.Amihud et al(1998) argue that profit efficiency is more appropriate than the analysis of cost efficiency to the MA study because it includes the revenue effects of changes in output that typically occur after mergers. Profit efficiency is a more general concept that includes cost X-efficiency effects of the merger plus any revenue and cost effects of changes of output. The Tobit analysis of Technical Efficiency(TE) shows that the size has a significant positive influence on the TE of the bank possibly due to scal e efficiencies derived from the merger. The TE has also been found to be positively influenced by the capitalization, non-interest income to total income (NIITI) and PBDIT to average total assets (PBDITATA).However the new generation private sector banks are found to be more technically efficient than the public sector banks under both the TE models considered for analysis. The Tobit analysis of Technical efficiency also demonstrates the significant positive influence of size, capitalization, PBDITATA and ROCE on the TE of the bank even under the second set of inputs and outputs which reflect the core banking activity (Model 2). Tobit analysis also indicates that the X-efficiencies are influenced by Size, RONW, NIINI and PBDIATA. This is in line with the literature findings that when profitability is measured by ROE, the largest banks in the industry lead the pack, by making better use of their financial leverage. Tobit regression also points that the profit efficiency of the ban ks is influenced by RONW and PBDITATA. This finding has implications for the capital adequacy norms to be followed by the commercial banks as per RBI directives. The capital adequacy of a bank is measured by the Capital to the risk weighted assets ratio (CRAR) for which the RBIs stipulated standard is 9%.However for many banks in India, the CRAR is well over the prescribed bench mark (Around 13% for example for, SBI, the market leader).But there has been a paradigm shift in the emphasis following the implementation of Basel-II norms (for improved and integrated risk management of banks) ,i.e a shift from capital sufficiency hither to emphasized by the regulators to capital efficiency. Referring to the other two significant variables, NIINI and PBDITATA, while the growing role of non-fund based income in determining the net income of a bank hjas already been emphasized, it is quite intuitive that PBDIATA is a significant contributor to the profit efficiency of the bank. Further, r eferring to the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) analysis, it is observed that the change in mean MPI (productivity measure) of acquiring bank post-merger is brought about more by the technological progress (frontier shift) rather than by the technical efficiency change. Hence it is necessary for the Indian public sector commercial banks to emulate the new generation private sector banks which provide the efficiency benchmarks in implementing the latest technologies in banking industry, so as to augment their productivity. In this context, we may refer to a study on the efficiency of public sector banks for the period 2003-2007 by G.M.Sanjeev(2008) which has not found any clear cut evidence of improvements in efficiency levels of public sector banks over the years. This is in line with our Tobit analysis where the sign of the estimates for the regression coefficients of Dummy variable DSECTOR have always been negative indicating that public sector banks are less efficient under al l the models. Technological innovation has been a major concern of Financial institutions in the recent years. Technology has entered the banking sector over the years in various forms: core banking solutions which will reduce transaction costs by as much as 15% immediately and more in course of time; Real Time Gross Settlement, Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT), Electronic banking, ATMs, Structured Financial Messaging Systems (SFMS), Plastic money (credit cards, debit cards and smart cards), Biometric ATMs and Transactional kiosks etc are a few prominent examples in this context. Evolution of technology is taking place at an enormous pace and if the banks fail to keep pace with it they will lose the competition race. Technology risk occurs when technological investments do not produce economies of scale or scope. Diseconomies of scale can arise if there is excess capacity, redundant technology, and organizational bureaucratic inefficiencies (red tape) that get worse as an FI(Financia l Institution) grows. Diseconomies of scope arise when a FI, say a bank fails to generate anticipated synergies or cost savings through major new technology investments (A.Saunders, 1994).Technology is a key driver in the banking industry, which creates new business models and processes, and also revolutionizes distribution channels. The beneficiaries in this sector are those that have invested in technology. Adoption of technology also enhances the quality of risk management systems in banks( especially under Basel II). It is therefore necessary that technology management is given the pride of place and should rightly be treated as an integral part of sound bank management process. A further challenge which banks might face in technology investments is to ensure that they derive maximum advantage from their investments and avoid wasteful expenditure which might arise on account of peacemeal adoption of technology; adoption of inappropriate/inconsistent technology and adoption of obsolete technology (V.Leeladhar, 2006).This calls for a critical evaluation of costs and benefits of technology investments by banks concerned in a systematic and co-ordinated manner to derive maximum mileage from such investments. The third and final stage of the research study, highlights the importance of customer perception of the implications of commercial bank mergers in India. After all, customer is the king and every banking effort is aimed at improving his lot. The findings on marketing implications of commercial bank mergers in India (customer perception of bank mergers) reveal that customer perception of bank mergers is significantly influenced by their demographic and behavioral variables. This has important implications to the bank management in developing an effective marketing strategy. This study demonstrates clearly that in a banking environment marked by frequent commercial bank mergers demographic/behavioral differences and customer service perceptions are re lated. By providing banking products and services which match the segmental requirements, bank marketers are more likely to be crowned with success in retaining their market share apart from roping in customers affected by the turbulence created by mergers in the banking environment. Factor analysis attempted to identify the major factors influencing the customer perception of bank mergers has produced six constructs out of which we observe that the innovation in developing appropriate banking products and services and customer relationship management (CRM) are crucial. While the former has been discussed in detail in the context of technology management, the latter is a sheer necessity in the emerging competitive scenario.CRM clearly underscores the fact that in implementing best practices in marketing, there has been a paradigm shift from product focus to customer focus and bank managers have found that the enhancement of existing customer relationships through managing customer e xpectations automatically brings the benefit of profitable and sustainable revenue growth. Looking at the findings from a policy perspective, it is time that in the best interests of maintaining public confidence and transparency, the central government and the RBI streamlined the rules governing bank mergers. While the issue whether these mergers should be brought under the purview of the Competition Commission of India (CCI) continues to be hotly debated, it is appropriate for the regulators to lay down clear guidelines so that the CEOs of the banks do not talk out of turn in this regard. This is the first and foremost necessity. Norms for separating weak from strong banks for merger or acquisition should be clearly laid down so as to avoid confusion in the minds of the banks themselves and the customers. Secondly, it is of utmost importance to examine whether the acquiring bank has a good work culture and efficient style of functioning that needs to be spread to the target ban k. Third, the role of strategic intent in mergers is extremely important. Complementarity of assets, operations and synergistic considerations should be made the most important criteria for authorizing bank mergers. Finally, the most attractive targets could well be those where the merged entity (bank) has a wider and highly diversified business portfolio and a product mix. For example, two banks one of which is strong in corporate and mid-corporate finance and the other with strengths in retail lending would logically be made for each other. Similar is the case for banks operating on technology platforms which are compatible. Once such norms are put in place, banks mergers become more acceptable without facing much reluctance, resistance or opposition from various quarters. To conclude, for a bank merger to succeed the role of Human Resources Management (HRM) and effective due diligence followed by integration planning and implementation are crucial. Proper leveraging of target banks employees talents and skills (HDFC Bank has successfully done this in its merger with the Centurion Bank of Punjab) besides dealing with problems of cultural conflict effectively during the merger plan implementation will go a long way in improving the chances of merger success of the banks concerned. The latest bank merger that has recently been approved in-principle by the boards concerned is that of Bank of Rajasthan (BOR) with the ICICI Bank. The dynamics of the said merger are furnished in the table below: Table 5.3 Merger Dynamics https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/05/19/images/2010051953240101.jpg Source: Business Line Banks like HDFC Bank and Axis Bank are also reported to be on the lookout for acquiring smaller banks. The merger of ICICCI with ICICI Bank and even the reverse merger of IDBI and IDBI Bank served multiple objectives. First the institutions were strengthened financially. Second, they helped in avoiding the complex restructuring process the weaker bank would have had to undergo to foster financial stability. Finally, they have opened the doors for actively promoting universal banking (A.Vasudevan, 2004). The underlying logic of the thinking of managements of these banks is that the larger the bank, the higher is its competitiveness and better its prospects of survival and growth. The implication of this argument is that Indian banks are not able to compete internationally in various areas like funds mobilization, credit disbursal, investments and rendering of financial services-es sentially because of their small size, and the only Indian bank that would be able to do so is the banking behemoth, SBI, that too, probably after its merger with its associates. To end this dissertation, we go back to the opening sentences of the book Successful Mergers- Getting the people issues right by Marion Devine(2002) COMPANIES COME AND GO, chief executives rise and fall, industry sectors wax and wane, but an outstanding feature of the past decade has been the rise of mergers and acquisitions(MAs). Can we hope that the future decade will take MAs to still greater heights both in value terms and numbers? Time only will tell. Limitations of the study: Non-availability of data for certain parameters for the period under study. Efficiency calculations cannot be performed in case of inputs or outputs with negative values. Scope for further study: The future banking MA will be cross-border with substantial potential synergies but can create large systemic risk and hence future research should explore these perspectives more fully before we can draw summary conclusions as to the effectiveness of bank mergers and acquisitions. Future research may also look at the cross-industry MAs within the financial services sector in India and abroad as this is an area which has not been investigated much. In future, research should lay more emphasis on dynamic analysis methods rather than static ones, which do not use data on MAs but instead relate the potential consequences of consolidation, like the market power, service availability etc. DEA analysis may be attempted using slacks based models. Market efficiency measures may also be employed to evaluate the efficiency effects of mergers. If the sample size is large, parametric techniques like the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) can be employed in evaluating bank merger s. Chapterization: The study will be organized into five chapters which are detailed below: Chapter 1: Chapter 1 deals with the introduction and the need for the study. It sets up the objectives and the relevant hypotheses. It also describes the limitations of the study and the scope for further research. Chapter 2: Chapter 2 furnishes a detailed review of literature to identify the research gaps which help in developing the objectives and hypotheses for the research. Chapter 3: Chapter 3 gives a vivid account of the research methodology adopted for the study and the sampling design. This chapter describes in detail the ratio analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), DEA-Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI), Tobit regression, Factor analysis and the other major statistical tools employed in the research study. Chapter 4: Chapter 4 deals with the data analysis, a very important aspect of the research project, employing the aforesaid analytical/statistical techniques. Chapter 5: Chapter 5 presents a detailed account of the findings, conclusions and recommendations from a policy perspective besides a critical evaluation of the managerial implications of the research study. Bibliography: The books, journals, articles and websites reviewed/ referred to are listed in this section alphabetically. Annexures: The details of the calculations/computations are furnished in the annexures A, B and C. ****************** specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-54264121468887854062020-05-26T00:04:00.001-07:002020-05-26T00:04:03.920-07:00How Does Homosexuality And Heterosexuality Evolve Essay Science is uncovered origins a lot of things over the centuries and the human created much great inventions and even explored the surface of the moon; however, one question still on everyoneââ¬â¢s mind and science may have solved one of greatest mysteries yet which is: how did homosexuality and heterosexuality evolve? Many psychologist, biologist and scientist may agree with sexual orientation is output from a combination of biological, hormonal, environmental and emotional factors and those many factors that influence to a development of human sexual orientation. However, being homosexual or bisexual is not mentally ill or abnormal in certain ways, although sexual minority is part of social problems that makes output from misinformation or prejudicial attitude. Diversity in sexual orientation has been a subject that has been seen in different perspectives by the different people (LeVay, 2010). Today there are the homosexuals, heterosexuals and bisexuals orientated people are for ming a part of our society. This paper conduct an overall study of important and strong factors and provides accurate information and explanation for those who want to better understand development of sexual orientation. 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In Simone de Beauvoirââ¬â¢s book, The Second Sex, particularly the chapter entitled ââ¬Å"The Lesbianâ⬠, she illustrated her assumption that homosexuality is a choice through the analysis of their benefits and the attitude directed towards lesbians. However, a majority of researchers conclude that sexual orientation is not a matter of making a decision, but rather determined by the composition ofRead MoreEffects Of Individualism On Children And Young People1494 Words à |à 6 Pagesindividualism because of ââ¬Å"individual choice and responsibi lityâ⬠Johnson et al, (2005, p. 159). Children and young people in education have a choice of which school they choose to attend (with slight parental involvement), who they socialise with, and how hard they want to work in order to achieve educationally. Education provides opportunity for children and young people to choose who they wish to be and what they want to achieve when they are older. However there is an inconsistency in the importanceRead Morehomosexuality: a mental disorder?4366 Words à |à 18 Pagesï » ¿ HOMOSEXUALITY: A MENTAL DISORDER? A Term Paper Presented to Trexie O. Alawi College of Arts and Sciences SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY Tandag City, Surigao del Sur In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements of the Course English 102 (Writing in the Discipline): TTH 7:30 ââ¬â 9:00 a.m. 2nd Semester, AY 2013-2014 By Bruce Franklyn G. Aliguay February 2014 Homosexuality: a mental disorder? Thesis Statement: People shouldRead MoreSexual Orientation, By Sarah Waters1825 Words à |à 8 Pagesmost notable ways in which the struggles of these groups are documented and exemplified is through literature. Sexual orientation, and more specifically homosexuality, is a prominent point of controversy within the world of fiction writing, as well as through the nonfictional history of various societies. Sarah Watersââ¬â¢ Affinity is a prime example of how history and fiction can intertwine. Waters wrote this novel in the 1990ââ¬â¢s, but set it in London during the Victorian Era. In order to create a realisticRead More Anthropology and Gender Essay1576 Words à |à 7 PagesDavid Valentineââ¬â¢s work focused on gender identity, using sexual desire to illustrate that our well-known classifications of sex and gender may be too rigid to encompass the variety of identities with which humans relate. The labels we use, heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality can be compli cated by ââ¬Å"non-Western sexual practices and desiresâ⬠(2011:424). Valentine asserts that anthropologists in the past have naively assumed to know the all-encompassing definitions of the prevalent gender identitiesRead MoreSmugging in the Square: Homosexuality as a Literary Device in James Joyces A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man.3689 Words à |à 15 Pagesof Stephan himself, I will argue that Stephan Dedalus rejects his heterosexuality in favor of homosexuality so that he may eventually find himself. Dedalusââ¬â¢s character must inherently be homosexual in able for his story to progress believably. Joyce conceives his character, a hero in fact, in a moment of genius. A hero must have a fatal flaw. I wish to clarify Joyceââ¬â¢s work and explain how homosexuality IS present in Portrait and does work in creating a hero. Stephan rejects possible companion afterRead MoreGay, Gay And Lesbian1816 Words à |à 8 Pagesnoting or relating to a person who does not conform to a normative sexual orientation or gender identity. The concept of gay photography is enigmatic. While a person can be described as homosexuals by sexual preference or gay consciousness, an inanimate object such as a photograph cannot. I will be exploring how gay and lesbian themes are influencing photography though looking at pinnacle photographers at the for front of the early years of queer photography and how they shaped the future and made that specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-89570721449310262102020-05-18T22:03:00.001-07:002020-05-18T22:03:06.551-07:00The Oklahoma City Bombing, 1995 At 9:02 a.m. on April 19, 1995, a 5,000-pound bomb, hidden inside a rented Ryder truck, exploded just outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. The explosion caused massive damage to the building and killed 168 people, 19 of whom were children. Those responsible for what became known as the Oklahoma City Bombing were home-grown terrorists, Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. This deadly bombing was the worst terrorist attack on U.S. soil until the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center attack. Why Did McVeigh Plant the Bomb? On April 19, 1993, the standoff between the FBI and the Branch Davidian cult (led by David Koresh) at the Davidian compound in Waco, Texas ended in a fiery tragedy. When the FBI tried to end the standoff by gassing the complex, the entire compound went up in fire, claiming the lives of 75 followers, including many young children. The death toll was high and many people blamed the U.S. government for the tragedy. One such person was Timothy McVeigh. McVeigh, angered by the Waco tragedy, decided to enact retribution to those he felt responsibleââ¬âthe federal government, especially the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF). In downtown Oklahoma City, the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building held numerous federal agency offices, including those of the ATF. Preparing for the Attack Planning his revenge for the second anniversary of the Waco disaster, McVeigh enlisted his friend Terry Nichols and several others to help him pull off his plan. In September 1994, McVeigh purchased large amounts of fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) and then stored it in a rented shed in Herington, Kansas. The ammonium nitrate was the main ingredient for the bomb. McVeigh and Nichols stole other supplies needed to complete the bomb from a quarry in Marion, Kansas. On April 17, 1995, McVeigh rented a Ryder truck and then McVeigh and Nichols loaded the Ryder truck with approximately 5,000 pounds of ammonium nitrate fertilizer. On the morning of April 19th, McVeigh drove the Ryder truck to the Murrah Federal Building, lit the bombs fuse, parked in front of the building, left the keys inside the truck and locked the door, then walked across the parking lot to an alley. He then started to jog. The Explosion at the Murrah Federal Building On the morning of April 19, 1995, most employees of the Murrah Federal Building had already arrived at work and children had already been dropped off at the daycare center when the huge explosion tore through the building at 9:02 a.m. Nearly the entire north face of the nine-story building was pulverized into dust and rubble. It took weeks of sorting through debris to find the victims. In all, 168 people were killed in the explosion, which included 19 children. One nurse was also killed during the rescue operation. Capturing Those Responsible Ninety minutes after the explosion, McVeigh was pulled over by a highway patrol officer for driving without a license plate. When the officer discovered that McVeigh had an unregistered gun, the officer arrested McVeigh on a firearms charge. Before McVeigh was released, his ties to the explosion were discovered. Unfortunately for McVeigh, almost all his purchases and rental agreements related to the bombing could be traced back to him after the explosion. On June 3, 1997, McVeigh was convicted of murder and conspiracy and on August 15, 1997, he was sentenced to death by lethal injection. On June 11, 2001, McVeigh was executed. Terry Nichols was brought in for questioning two days after the blast and then arrested for his role in McVeighs plan. On December 24, 1997, a federal jury found Nichols guilty and on June 5, 1998, Nichols was sentenced to life in prison. In March 2004, Nichols went on trial for murder charges by the state of Oklahoma. He was found guilty of 161 counts of murder and sentenced to 161 consecutive life sentences. A third accomplice, Michael Fortier, who testified against McVeigh and Nichols, received a 12-year prison sentence and was fined $200,000 on May 27, 1998, for knowing about the plan but not informing authorities before the explosion. A Memorial What little remained of the Murrah Federal Building was demolished on May 23, 1995. In 2000, a memorial was built on the location to remember the tragedy of the Oklahoma City Bombing. specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-3504846270702527942020-05-15T06:39:00.001-07:002020-05-15T06:39:05.346-07:00Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown - The Puritans and Love... Young Goodman Brown:nbsp; The Puritans and Lovenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Hawthorneââ¬â¢snbsp; ââ¬Å"Young Goodman Brownâ⬠, exposes the puritan view of love and relationships. In theory, these two visions are diametrically opposed. One exalts love as a physical manifestation between two individuals (although it also claims to represent higher ideals), the other sees it as a spiritual need, one best manifested by attachment to God. In fact, the puritans did not see love as a good thing, but rather as an evil, a grim necessity, that is, they saw physical love (between a man and a woman, or sexuality and all it carries with it) as such. The emotional turmoil affecting Goodman Brownâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This puritan notion eclipses the New Testaments message of redemption that we have been forgiven for Adams fault, through Jesus sacrifice. Instead, it clings to that original notion of impurity, of a stain on all men and women. It also clings to the fact that since women are the root of all evil, they should be especially feared. A man should not love his wife, or else face the consequences of the wrath of God. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;If women are evil, and sex is evil, then men cannot in good conscience be with women, yet they must, for how else will the race continue? Puritanism condemns men to a constant state of uncertainty on their actions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Goodman Brown is no exception, in fact, he seems to be the rule. He is recently married to a woman ironically named Faith, whom he loves dearly. He seems happily married, and yet, there is something odd with him at the start of the story. We sense he is a troubled man, and the source of his worries seem to be his wife. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ââ¬Å"What a wretch am I, to leave her on such an errand! [...] Methought, as she spoke, there was trouble in her face, as if a dream had warned her what work is to be done to-night. But no, no! t would kill her to think it.â⬠nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;He sets off on a journey into the woods, where he encounters the devil, and many people from hisShow MoreRelated Morality and Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1146 Words à |à 5 PagesYoung Goodman Brown was published in 1835, when Nathaniel Hawthorne was 31 years old. Hawthorne was born and reared in Salem, Massachusetts, a village still permeated by its 17th century Puritanism. When he was four, Hawthornes fatherà died, and from that point on he was surrounded mostly by females: two sisters, a maiden aunt, and a retiring mother who was not close to her children. He had little contact with his deceased fathers family, but his maternal relatives were supportive and saw toRead More Hawthornes Puritanical Beliefs Revealed in The Scarlett Letter and Young Goodman Brown1739 Words à |à 7 PagesHawthornes Puritanical Beliefs Revealed in The Scarlett Letter and Young Goodman Brown When an author depicts a person or group of people in his or her work, the opinion of the writer most often sifts into the descriptions, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Some writers are very guarded regarding their feelings toward any particular subject, while others are very open and happy to share. Nathaniel Hawthorne belongs to the latter group. The purpose of the majority of his literary workRead MoreThe Theme Of Faith In Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown945 Words à |à 4 PagesHawthorneââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Young Goodman Brownâ⬠, is a coming of age story of saints and sinners. Goodman Brown, our main character and narrator, leads us through his experience of the forest and the temptations to give into sin. Yet, it seems he is the most affected within this journey, by his wife of 3 monthsââ¬âFaith. Faith, as well as the puritan societyââ¬â¢s as a wholeââ¬âis represented as innocence and pure. As the story progresses any reader can conclude that not one member of the puritan society is untainted fromRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne979 Words à |à 4 Pageswell-known dark romanticist and author of ââ¬Å"Young Goodman Brown,â⬠and ââ¬Å"The Scarlet Letter,â⬠displays a love for story and symbols. Goodman Brown in ââ¬Å"Young Goodman Brown,â⬠chooses to question his faith and sells himself out of everyone because he does not believe in anyone. Whereas Hester in ââ¬Å"The Scarlet Letter,â⬠was thrown away from everyone because of her actions. Hawthorneââ¬â¢s usage of light and dark imagery in both, ââ¬Å"The Scarlet Letter,â⬠and ââ¬Å"Young Goodman Brown,â⬠represents good and evil, and the difficultyRead MoreThe 200 Year Old Man1167 Words à |à 5 PagesMaintained a 17th Century Puritan Allegory Nathaniel Hawthorne, born ââ¬Å"Nathaniel Hathorneâ⬠until he added a ââ¬Å"wâ⬠to his birth name years later, was a prominent American Novelist that lived during the 19th century. Hawthorne was considered a dark romantic, and often ââ¬Å"undertook the mission of exploring the darker side of humanityâ⬠in his short stories and novels. (Wright 3) Hawthorne descended from an ancestry tracing back many generations full of devout Puritans. Puritans maintained a unique perceptionRead MoreAnalysis of Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown a Story708 Words à |à 3 Pagesï » ¿Young Goodman Brown (Order #A2103550) Christs death and resurrection can be considered only the beginning of his ministry for afterward he instructed his remaining apostles to go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. (Mt 28:16-20 [New King James Version]) Sixteen centuries later a group of Christians called Puritans would attempt to fulfill this Great Commission by spreading the good news of Christ andRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1631 Words à |à 7 Pagesaround the Puritan society. The Puritans were very stringent in the way they dealt with rules and ways of life, and Hawthorne does an exceptional job depicting the Puritan lifestyle through his stories. Though many principles from Puritan society has made its way to form the present day American society, Hawthorne might disagree and did not believe that the good attributes originated from Puritan ways. Nathaniel Hawthorne, through the works of his The Scarlet Letter and ââ¬Å"Young Goodman Brownâ⬠, illustratesRead MoreThe Use of Color Symbolism by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1024 Words à |à 5 Pagesutilize so much symbolism that it captivates the reader to the extent of paralleling the tale with their own life? The principle of symbolism is quite evident in the story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, ââ¬Å"Young Goodman Brownâ⬠. Nathaniel Hawthornââ¬â¢s work is immersed with symbolism with most of it deriving from his Puritan beliefs. The themes of sin, guilt, innocence, and lust come forth through the uses of color symbolism as well as visual clues. All of these things are dealt with in everyday life in modern AmericaRead MoreSin in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2433 Words à |à 10 Pages à Puritan doctrine taught that all men are totally depraved. And the young Puritan Goodman Brown accepted this principle, after his in-the-woods experience, as applying not only to the Salem village rank-and-file but even to his faultless wife Faith. Is this notion of sin correct? This essay seeks to compare this moral depravity doctrine of the Puritans as seen in ââ¬Å"Young Goodman Brownâ⬠to the Catholic Churchââ¬â¢s teaching on sin, a recognized standard. The influence of Puritan religion, cultureRead MoreComparison of the Young Goodman Brown and the Rocking-Horse Wimmer812 Words à |à 4 PagesSetting and Symbolism in The Young Goodman Brown and The Rocking-Horse Winner The battle between good and evil is as old as Satanââ¬â¢s rebellion against God and his being cast from heaven with his fellow fallen angels that the Bible tells about in the Book of Revelation chapter 12, verses 7-12. Writers of fiction have been using this struggle for just about that long. The short stories The Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and D.H. Lawrenceââ¬â¢s The Rocking-Horse Winner illustrate the battle specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-22678560252272243582020-05-06T21:16:00.001-07:002020-05-06T21:16:14.673-07:00A Brief Note On Diabetic Ketoacidosis A Potentially Life... Reflection Paper: DKA Simulation Pathophysiology Diabetic ketoacidosis is a potentially life threatening complication found patient who have diabetes mellitus.. Most often DKA, is the first presenting symptom in undiagnosed diabetics, illness in diabetics, and/or poor compliance with insulin therapy. Diabetic Ketoacidosis Is an event marked by shortage of insulin production, thus the body breaks down fat into ketone bodies to compensate for needed energy production. The lack of insulin is compensated with increased glucagon levels from the liver, osmotic diuresis occurs in which high glucose levels are excreted thought the kidneys leading to polyuria, dehydration, and polydipsia. The ketone bodies cause the body to become acidotic, the bicarbonate buffering system become overworked and hyperventilation (Kussmaul respirations), this allows carbon dioxide to be released. This is when symptoms become apparent, most often the patient will have vomiting, confusion, polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, hyperventilation, abdominal pain, frui ty breath and occasionally coma. DKA is diagnosed by blood and urine test. The blood test will show an elevated Hemoglobin A1c; metabolic acidosis: plasma pH under 7.35, plasma bicarbonate under 15 mEq/L, elevated blood sugar above 250 mg/dL, abnormal sodium, chloride levels, hyperkalemia. Urine test will show elevated ketones, and glucose. Diagnosis/Interventions Ãâ" Deficient fluid volume related to osmotic diuresis due to hyperglycemia à ¬ specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-54221747410969298252020-05-06T16:15:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:15:16.266-07:00Disney s Organizational Structure Of Mgm - 1705 Words MGM Resorts International is a publicly traded company viewed as a front runner in the entertainment and hospitality industry. MGM owns fourteen properties, employs 62,000 individuals, making them Nevadaââ¬â¢s largest public employer, and creates over ten billion dollars in sales and revenues each year. The organizational structure of MGM is similar to that of any other large company, consisting of a Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, President, and countless vice presidents and directors of various specialized departments within the organization. The difference in this organization and many others lies within its organizational structure, behaviors, and practices. While itââ¬â¢s easy to discount the company generally associated with Sin City, it cannot be overlooked that the company has remained successful by adhering to its missions and values, fostering growth and development through the years, engaging employees, and most importantly, creating an experience for the millions of customers visiting every year. An organization as large and prominent as MGM consists of many leaders and managers with individual roles and skills. MGMââ¬â¢s current CEO, James Murren, joined the MGM family as a CFO in 1998, and through his innovative ideas and leadership, he was appointed to CEO of the company in 2008. James has taken on many roles as CEO of the company, including interpersonal roles in motivating and leading employees, acting as spokespersonShow MoreRelatedDisney Organizational Behavior Essay2561 Words à |à 11 PagesDisney Organizational Behavior i Disney Organizational Behavior Axia College of the University of Phoenix MGT 245/Organizational Theory Behavior Bonetta Mozingo September 14, 2008 Disney Organizational Behavior 1 Walt Disney once said, ââ¬Å"You can dream, create, design and build the most wonderful place in the world, but it requires people to make the dream a reality.â⬠He realized early that the only way his company would be successful, and he couldRead MoreResources Capabilities20336 Words à |à 82 Pagescompetitive edge that can be sustained over time. ââ¬âHIROYUKI ITAMI, MOBILIZING INVISIBLE ASSETS Youââ¬â¢ve gotta do what you do well. ââ¬âLUCINO NOTO, FORMER VICE CHAIRMAN, EXXON MOBIL OUTLINE l Introduction and Objectives l The Role of Resources and l Organizational Capabilities Classifying Capabilities The Architecture of Capability l Appraising Resources and Capabilities Establishing Competitive Advantage Sustaining Competitive Advantage Appropriating the Returns to Competitive Advantage l Putting ResourceRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company and Disney Management25371 Words à |à 102 Pagesopened its doors to European visitors. 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Tetra Pak ââ¬â success through a project-based organisation structure. Fed-Ex ââ¬â packaging new business models to deliver competitive advantage. Forestry Commission ââ¬â from forestry management to service provider: the challenge of managing change. Marks Spencer specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-43097145016672159232020-05-06T04:58:00.001-07:002020-05-06T04:58:23.052-07:00Practice In The Business In Stock Market â⬠Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Practice In The Business In Stock Market? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to shed light on the activities like inside treading and various types of techniques for gathering non-public information of various organizations. Using the information some officials take advantage and make huge profits by investing in the stocks of those organizations (Nunan and Yenicioglu 2013). It is seen that some organizations has earned up to 100,000 million dollars overnight by investing money based on the non-public information they have gathered. These practices need to be stopped immediately and the governmental authority needs to amend some rules and regulations to prevent these types of activities. The report further highlights the factors like how people gather this non-public information, what is insider trading and whether punishment of several individuals would stop this type of malpractices or not. Information gathering techniques Gathering information and various techniques related to gathering information is a common practice in Wall Street. Business personnel at Wall Street are actually in business with intent to make money (Allan et al. 2012). The investors can fetch non-public information from the chief financial officers of various organizations and that would be something illegal. Else, the investor can develop his own prediction by piecing together small parts of information from the suppliers of the organization and from the former workers of the companies and from various other sources. It is seen that the prosecution of Rajaratnam and some others gave a pause to the hedge funds regarding their techniques to gather information. It can be said that insider trading is illegal, but in some cases, business personnel gets greedy and they does take steps due to their egoism (Jayaraman 2012). In some cases, these people lose control on their thinking capability and cannot decide what is right and what is wr ong. The egoists think that they should take decisions that would maximize their interests and undoubtedly, the insider trading and other organized crime would continue to grow and people would think and invent more clever paths to get away with those criminal acts (Allan et al. 2012). To stop and reduce this kind of practices, the government needs to implement strict asking the organizations to have robust compliance, supervisory, surveillance and control measures in place to identify illegal insider trading. Insider trading Insider trading can be referred to as a trading of public organizations stock or other bonds by people those have access to non-public information about those organizations. In many nations around the world, kinds of trading based on insider information is illegal and punishable offence, as they see it as an unfair act towards other individuals or investors who does not have those kinds of information (Beneish, Press and Vargus 2012). On the other hand, the investor, who has the insider information, can potentially make huge profits using that information. It is a matter of fact that, insider trading increases the cost of capital for the issuers of securities, and that decreases the economic growth (Allan et al. 2012). It is seen that, some economists want that insider marketing should be legalized for the benefits of the society. It is a matter of fact that, trading by some insiders, or employees is widely accepted as long as does not rely on the material information not in the publ ic domain. Various jurisdictions require that such trading should be reported for the monitoring of the transactions. In the land of United States and in many other nations trading conducted by corporate organizations, key employees or stockholders must be reported to the regulator or should be publicly disclosed within some days interval. In this type of cases, it is generally seen that, the insiders need to file Form 4 under United States Security and Exchange Commission while purchasing or selling stocks of their own organizations. The rules and regulations governing insider trading are complicated and significantly vary from country to country. Under one jurisdiction the definition of insider trading might be broad and may not cover not only the insiders but also any individuals related to those insiders, for an example the brokers, various associates and in some cases even family members. An individual who gathers the non-public information and trades based on that information might get charged as guilty (Augustin, Brenner and Subrahmanyam 2015). In United States of America and some other nations amended rules stating the insider traders criminals. In United States, Sections 16B and 10B of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is directly related to insider training. The congress of United States enacted this law after the crash of stock market in the year of 1929. In United States, for optional reporting purposes the corporate insiders are mostly defined as the companys officers, beneficial owners and directors in more than 10% of a class of the organizations equity securities. The trades made by these types of insiders within the organizations own stock, based on the non-public information, in most cases considered as fraudulent, as the insiders are violating the judiciary duty that they owe to the stockholders (Allan et al. 2012). The corporate insider, by accepting employment has to undertake a legal obligation to the stockholders to put the shareholders interests before their own, in some cases related to the corporation. Whenever the insiders buy and sell based on the organizations owned information, then they are violating the obligations they have towards the stockholders. For n example, it can be said that, illegal insider trading can occur if the chief executive officer of a company learns that the organization would be taken over and then buys shares of that organization, knowing that the prices of those shares would rise (Frey, Stemle and Glaznieks 2014). In America, insiders are not only limited to corporate officials and major stockholders, where the illegal insider trading is concerned but can involve any person who trades stocks based on material non-public information violating duty of trust. For an example, it can be said that in various jurisdiction, where a corporate insider give tips to a friend about non-public information, are most likely to have an effect on the share price of the organization. The duty that the corporate insiders owe towards the organizations is now imputed to the friend, and the friend violates a duty to the organization if he trades based on the information he got. In United States, not all the trading based on non-public information can be said is illegal insider trading. As if a person in a public place overhears a conversation of a CEO of a company about their recent profits, and the person invests money in the shares of that organization, it would not be counted as an illegal act (Dierkes et al. 2013). It is a matter of fact that punishment for insider training is dependent on various factors. There are three main factors and those are, scope, evidence and gain. How many persons the wrongdoing is affecting is the scope. How much profit did the insider make by the transaction can be said as a gain (Frey, Stemle and Glaznieks 2014). Finally, anyone who is charged of insider trading is innocent until the individual is proven guilty. In United States of America, in addition to the civil penalties, the inside trader might also be a subject to criminal prosecution for fraudulent activities where the SEC regulations are violated, the US Department of Justice might call to conduct an independent investigation in parallel. Then if the department of justice finds something to be concerned of, they might file criminal charges. United States insider trading prohibitions are generally based on English and American common law prohibitions against fraudulent activities. On the year of 1909, before the passing of Securities Exchange Act, United States supreme court stated that a corporate leader who bought any organizations shares knowing that the prices would increase can be accounted as fraudulent act as he did not disclose his inside information (Dierkes et al. 2013). The section 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 contains prohibitions of fraud in the sale of securities, which were strengthened by Securities Exchange Act 1934. Again section 16B of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 forbids short swing profits made by the directors of corporate of organizations, officers or any stockholders who owns more than 10% of the shares of an organization (Frey, Stemle and Glaznieks 2014). Thus, it can be said that insider trading is in general illegal but in some cases it can be seen as legal dealings, although in most cases it is seen that various types of illegal activities are done under the light of insider trading. Conviction of Rajaratnam deter other investors to gather non-public information From profound and decisive analysis of the case study, it can be stated that the investigation and conviction of Rajaratnam would not deter the fund managers from sharing non -public information. The strong reason that can be cited in this regard is that there have been multiple numbers of trade frauds within the organizations that were not disclosed properly due to lack of proper investigation. However, there has been proper understanding of the cases where the trade frauds were addressed with proper business license. In fact, the number of insider trade fraud has been rising in a rapid pace thus creating a hole within the conviction process where the organizations are observed to have been losing the criteria of being trusted in the international market. Moreover, there has been a continuous threat for the organizations where they were highly threatened by continuous fraudulent activities in front of the vigilance. As a matter of fact, this has been taken into consideration that in most of the cases the basic idea remained persistent in terms of addressing to the frauds with proper measure. Else, the investor can develop his own prediction by piecing together small parts of information from the suppliers of the organization and from the former workers of the companies and from various other sources. It is seen that the prosecution of Rajaratnam and some others gave a pause to the hedge funds regarding their techniques to gather information. It can be said that insider trading is illegal, but in some cases, business personnel gets greedy and they does take steps due to their egoism (Jayaraman 2012). In some cases, these people lose control on their thinking capability and cannot decide what is right and what is wrong As a corrective measure, the insiders who are associated with accounting process would try to investigate- within the organization; and shortlist the other frauds- major or minor who have been turbulent in the money laundering process. Since there has been a proper understanding of the process pertaining to the effective understanding that was highly in the formation of the case would focus on the basic understanding of the huge concept within the society and the business market. In this case, the further investigation process would be focusing on the actuality or genuineness of workers who are closely associated with the accounts department. Two possible chances would create many opportunities for the fund managers to look into the matter. First, the managers would create a trusted circle of the employees. As a matter of fact, this would focus on the clear understanding of the process pertaining to the effective consideration of the trusted circle. With the effective measure this wo uld focus on the actuality of how the trusted circle is addressed during post-trauma period. Undoubted more stringent vigilance would be placed upon the entire case pertaining to the effective measures to restrict further fraudulent activities. Since this has been taken in to certain consideration that more stringent action is needed for the vigilance of the accounts and the fund, the fund managers, according to my own view, would look forward to recruiting fresh candidates. In order to influence upon the structure of infraction policies of the organization the managers would focus on various angles. The multidimensional approach to find out the basic understanding of the cases would be taken into certain consideration. Infringement of law or the organizational agreement would purpose to the service of transparent activity of the national law. The organizational policy would definitely focus on the adherence to the national law without a single diversion. In this case, it can be tak en into certain consideration pertaining to the effective understanding of the policies pertaining to the effective chance where in most of the cases, the law would be focused through the eyes of organizational transparency. I do not think that it would not have the possibility to deter any sort of infraction from being taken place. Since this would focus on the actual understanding of the process pertaining to the effective chance where the law and the organizational policies would create a stronger base for restricting and challenging further fraudulent activities in relation with money, behaviour or other ethical activities, the fund managers would incur more stringent policies, in association with, the newly formed body. In this case, this would undoubtedly provide the organization with a clear scope to fight the frauds who still exist without being recognized. Provision of corporate insider training would focus on the effective understanding of the organizational policies where this would be focusing on the actuality of the forces within the frame that is constructed in adherence to US organizational law framework. However, the nature in the form of infraction would be addressed since there is a sheer need to maintain a close observation and attention of the surroundings. As a matter of fact, this would be targeting the basic understanding of the policies with the effective nature where this would somehow address the greater number of the law firms. Conclusion: From the discussion cited above it can be stated that the organizational law is always structured with the basic understanding of the policies in adherence to the national framework. In this context, it has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective nature of the cases where the law is highly addressed by the stringent policies. With the effective nature of the law, there has been a thorough understanding pertaining to the effective nature of the organization pertaining to the methods to fight the frauds. References Agrawal, A. and Cooper, T., 2015. Insider trading before accounting scandals.Journal of Corporate Finance,34, pp.169-190. Allan, J., Croft, B., Moffat, A. and Sanderson, M., 2012, May. Frontiers, challenges, and opportunities for information retrieval: Report from SWIRL 2012 the second strategic workshop on information retrieval in Lorne. InACM SIGIR Forum(Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 2-32). ACM. Augustin, P., Brenner, M. and Subrahmanyam, M.G., 2015. Informed options trading prior to MA announcements: Insider trading?. Beneish, M.D., Press, E. and Vargus, M.E., 2012. Insider trading and earnings management in distressed firms.Contemporary Accounting Research,29(1), pp.191-220. Beneish, M.D., Press, E. and Vargus, M.E., 2012. Insider trading and earnings management in distressed firms.Contemporary Accounting Research,29(1), pp.191-220. Dierkes, M., Erner, C., Langer, T. and Norden, L., 2013. Business credit information sharing and default risk of private firms.Journal of Banking Finance,37(8), pp.2867-2878. Frey, J.C., Stemle, E.W. and Glaznieks, A., 2014. Collecting language data of non-public social media profiles. InWorkshop Proceedings of the 12th Edition of the KONVENS Conference(pp. 11-15). Jayaraman, S., 2012. The effect of enforcement on timely loss recognition: Evidence from insider trading laws.Journal of Accounting and Economics,53(1), pp.77-97. Kim, S.H., 2012. The Last Temptation of Congress: Legislator Insider Trading and the Fiduciary Norm Against Corruption.Cornell L. Rev.,98, p.845. Nunan, D. and Yenicioglu, B., 2013. Informed, uninformed and participative consent in social media research.International Journal of Market Research,55(6), pp.791-808. specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-76438396497208813592020-05-05T18:56:00.001-07:002020-05-05T18:56:22.403-07:00Network Needs For Data Communication Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Network Needs For Data Communication. Answer: Importance of Physical layer: The physical layer refers to the first layer of the Open System Interconnection Modelor the OSI model. The bit-level transmission is managed in this layer. Transmission between physical devices is controlled by this layer. The mechanical or electrical interface that is needed for the communication between the communicating devices is also provided by this layer (Chen et al. 2015). The layer is responsible for dealing with the various physical connections that the network needs for data communication. It includes the wireless transmission, cabling standards, various types of connectors, interface cards and many more as needed by the network (Goseling, Gastpar and Weber 2015). Error free communication: The data that hardware devices generate are optimized by the layer to make it suitable for digital communication. Without the optimization the data will communication may not be effective due to discrete timing over the network. This optimization of data timing to make it suitable for the transmissions makes the communication error free. The optimization is done using the line coding technique (Zou et al. 2015). The layer also allows for interleaving of bits which helps to improve the error correction. Robust communication: The layer helps to detect the carrier collision. It can sense if there are sufficient carrier is available for data communications and this helps to avoid carrier congestion created due to the data packets undelivered for unavailability of data carriers and thus ensures robust communication (Kapetanovic, Zheng and Rusek 2015). Reliable communication: The layer with the help of Signal equalization and multiplexing technique helps in ensuring reliable communication (Mukherjee et al. 2014). Importance of Data-Link layer: The data link layer is the second layer in the seven layer OSI model. It helps to connect two nodes that are involved in the data communication. The connection is made using the logical link. The link that is established between the nodes is also terminated by the layer once the communication is completed (Marquardt 2017). Ease of communication: The layer provides end-to-end message delivery with proper acknowledgement of message delivery, thus ensures ease of communication (Cui , Yu and Yan 2016). Error free communication: In order to ensure error free transmission the layer control the traffic generated by the data frame. It communicate with the transmission node for telling it to back -off when there is no availability of buffer message (Kizza 2017). Robust communication: The layer helps in detecting the any errors occurred in the physical layers and based on that the errors are acknowledged and again retransmitted by rectifying the errors and making necessary correction. Thus ensures error free and robust communication (Ding and Jiang 2016). Importance for lower layers: The data link layer helps in error-free data transmission between the nodes with proper control over the physical layer that resides bellow the data link layer in the OSI model. The error free transmission helps layers above it in assuming transmission which is virtually error free (Zafar and Ejaz 2016). Importance of internet layers: The internet layer lies above the physical and data link layer. The layer plays an important role in data communication and also helps in managing the layers below it (Blekneni et al. 2016). Error free communication: The layer helps in controlling the subnet traffic. Whenever the any router in this layer exceeds the buffer limit the layer sends an instruction to the transmission station to hold on the transmission to avoid error in data communication (Qadir et al. 2015). Robust communication: The layer allows for frame fragmentation that helps in determining the maximum transmission unitor the MTU for the router that is used for the downstream communication. It checks if the data fragment size is less or greater than the transmission unit size. In case the fragment size is greater than the transmission unit size, then fragmentation is done on the data frame and at the time of receiving the data at the destination site the data is again reassembled to keep the data integrity and robustness of the system (Kalakech 2016). Importance for lower layers: The network layer control how the subnet will operate. It decides the allocation of the physical path for the data communication to take place to facilitate the network conditions and the service priority. The data link layer acts as an interface between the physical layer and network layer (Garman and Sherman 2015). The data link layer with the help of the network layer helps for smooth operation of the physical layer by proper resource allocation of the physical layer entities allowing for robust and error free execution of the physical layer components with proper resource management Drills: a) Boolean operation on bit patterns: not 0010111000101100 : 1101000111010011 0010111000101100 or 1110000011100001: 1110111011101100 iii. 0010111000101100 and 1110000011100001: 10000000100000 1100111000111011 and 0110111100011100: 100111000011000 b) What are the subnet masks for the following slash address blocks Slash address blocks Subnet masks /8 255.0.0.0 /15 255.254.0.0 c) Address mask validity and slash forms for the correct address masks: Address masks validity Slash forms i) 255.255.248.0 valid /21 ii) 255.224.252.0 Not valid NA iii) 255.255.255.224 valid /27 iv) 255.255.156.0 Not valid NA The criteria of a valid subnet mask is that when it is converted to binary the binary equivalent have to consists of only consecutive 1's and then 0's, but no intermittent mixing is allowed. The binary equivalent of the address mask 255.224.252.0 is 11111111.11100000. 11111100. 00000000 which is not valid according to the above mentioned criteria. The binary equivalent of the address mask 255.255.156.0 is 11111111. 11111111. 10011100.00000000 which is also not valid. d) Number of hosts in the following address blocks: Address blocks Number of hosts /13 524272 /26 62 Controlled access and contention-based access to a physical medium : Controlled access grant permission to the transmitting stations to enable it for communication. Only that station granted for permission will be allowed to send data node in the communication. This helps to control the traffic and collision of message is also avoided in this way (Thilina et al. 2015). Contention refers to media access method that is used for sending broadcasting medium. In this method any transmitting station can send data at any time. However, this might create collision in the network. In order to avoid the collision carrier sensing mechanism is used. References: Belkneni, M., Bennani, M.T., Ahmed, S.B. and Kalakech, A., 2016, October. Network Layer Benchmarking: Investigation of AODV Dependability. InInternational Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences(pp. 225-232). Springer, Cham. Chen, G., Gong, Y., Xiao, P. and Chambers, J.A., 2015. Physical layer network security in the full-duplex relay system.IEEE transactions on information forensics and security,10(3), pp.574-583. Cui, L., Yu, F.R. and Yan, Q., 2016. When big data meets software-defined networking: SDN for big data and big data for SDN.IEEE network,30(1), pp.58-65. Ding, R. and Jiang, H., 2016. Simulation of data-link networks used in cooperative terminal guidance. InElectronics, Electrical Engineering and Information Science: Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Information Science (EEEIS2015)(pp. 504-511). Garman, S. and Sherman, R., 2015. Automation at the Network Layer. Goseling, J., Gastpar, M. and Weber, J.H., 2015. Random access with physical-layer network coding.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,61(7), pp.3670-3681. Kalakech, A., 2016, September. Network Layer Benchmarking: Investigation of AODV Dependability. InComputer and Information Sciences: 31st International Symposium, ISCIS 2016, Krakw, Poland, October 2728, 2016, Proceedings(Vol. 659, p. 225). Springer. Kapetanovic, D., Zheng, G. and Rusek, F., 2015. Physical layer security for massive MIMO: An overview on passive eavesdropping and active attacks.IEEE Communications Magazine,53(6), pp.21-27. Kizza, J.M., 2017.Guide to computer network security. Springer. Marquardt, R.R., 2017. Data Link Layer Trust Signaling in Communication Network.filed Jul,11. Mukherjee, A., Fakoorian, S.A.A., Huang, J. and Swindlehurst, A.L., 2014. Principles of physical layer security in multiuser wireless networks: A survey.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(3), pp.1550-1573. Qadir, J., Ali, A., Yau, K.L.A., Sathiaseelan, A. and Crowcroft, J., 2015. Exploiting the power of multiplicity: a holistic survey of network-layer multipath.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,17(4), pp.2176-2213. Thilina, K.M., Tabassum, H., Hossain, E. and Kim, D.I., 2015. Medium access control design for full duplex wireless systems: challenges and approaches.IEEE Communications Magazine,53(5), pp.112-120. Zafar, S. and Ejaz, U., 2016. SCTP-aware Link Layer Retransmission Mechanism for Smart-grid Communication Network.Engineering, Technology Applied Science Research,6(4), pp.1093-1098. Zou, Y., Zhu, J., Wang, X. and Leung, V.C., 2015. Improving physical-layer security in wireless communications using diversity techniques.IEEE Network,29(1), pp.42-48. specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-81985590537473715972020-04-12T17:06:00.001-07:002020-04-12T17:06:03.138-07:00College Application Tips from a Homeschooled Student Applying to college is a challenging experience alone. Being a homeschooled student and a college applicant makes it a little extra harder, and certainly more unique.While homeschooled students may have many interesting ââ¬Å"out of the classroomâ⬠experiences to discuss at interviews or in essays, you have to prove that your own learning methods have proved productive. As a homeschooled student, I spenta great deal of time explaining why I chose to homeschool, my parents teaching methods, and how it has prepared me for college. Theres no admission counselor to walk you through the application process, or teachers to remind you and help you to fax in any transcript or test scores you have. It is a much more independent process, and as a fellow homeschooler, here are a few tips to make it easier for you:Be proud of being a homeschooled student! You shouldnt feel like you need to make excuses for being homeschooled. Just having a more positive mindset to explain why you were home schooled will make a difference. Plus, youll be answering this question countless times during senior year, you might as well have some fun doing it. Learn how to design a competitive application. Just like any other college applicant, Ihad high test scores and interesting extracurricular activities. I needed to learn how to set myself apart from other students who were homeschooled, and even applicants currently attending high school. Without a counselor, I asked for external help from friends and family to help review my application. Challenge untrue stereotypes in your application. Being homeschooled, I always seen as an under socialized teenager. Its important to highlight any activities outside the home that matter to you, and emphasize your strongest interpersonal skills on your application. In doing so, you actively combat predispositions and paint an accurate portrait of who you are to admissions officers. Show that you have used your time toward inventing something that matters to you. Homeschooling lends us time to pursue our passions more thoroughly, so use additional essays to discuss how it gave you a new perspective that can benefit their campus. This college application journey may be challenging, but remember that you can always ask for help from mentors on , your friends, your family, and your community! Submitted by intern, Samantha M. specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-79076300854266050162020-04-12T09:04:00.001-07:002020-04-12T09:04:04.893-07:00Professional Sports Stadium Sample EssayProfessional Sports Stadium Sample EssayIf you've ever thought about writing a professional sports stadium sample essay, then you'll know that writing a great one is no easy task. A professional sports stadium sample essay is a very tough subject for anyone to tackle, as there is so much packed into the brief. If you're not prepared with your subject knowledge and won't have the time to make a well-written essay, then don't despair.The first thing to realise when writing a professional sports stadium sample essay is that it must be brief and to the point. You should avoid too much detail - this will defeat the purpose of writing a professionally written essay. Ideally, your essay should only be about 10 pages long, so do not worry if you are writing for a small audience. If it has to be a product launch, for example, then the more information you can include in the essay, the better.You will also need to carefully consider your personal opinion. Remember that while you are trying to impress a reader, they will also be trying to do the same thing, so do not take the opinions of others to heart. Personal opinions will help you create a good impression on the reader, but remember that you are writing to impress them, so don't spoil their chance of doing so by telling them you think their thoughts are rubbish.To make the most of your professional sports stadium sample essay, you will also need to select a topic that they will be interested in. A theme is likely to be more successful as you have a complete picture of who they are. Think about what subjects they would enjoy, or what their hobbies might be. If you are going to write for a school project, you may want to look at what topics you would want to write about.When writing a professional sports stadium sample essay, you will also need to use strong, engaging language. Your essay will be judged by the reader, so it is essential that you know how to write effectively. In fact, there is no point writing an essay if you cannot capture their attention.Using simple language will also help you make the most of your professional sports stadium sample essay. People will struggle to read essays that use complicated language, and even if you can follow an academic jargon, it is not likely to grab their attention. Therefore, try and stick to the simplest language possible. One thing to keep in mind, however, is that readers often prefer a less complicated essay, so be careful not to write too much to make the essay too complex.The best way to make the most of your professional sports stadium sample essay is to write it as fast as you can. If you put off writing it, you will struggle to come up with an effective essay that will impress your reader, and you will end up struggling to finish it, which will leave you with a poor essay that does not impress them. specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-91183805214692017682020-03-11T00:11:00.001-07:002020-03-11T00:11:03.523-07:00Change Management EssaysChange Management Essays Change Management Paper Change Management Paper Unit: 9740 Change Management Table of contents Introduction p3 1. 0 Description of 2 schools of thought 1. Theories of planned change p3 2. Lewinââ¬â¢s change model p3 3. The positive model p4 2. 0 Comparison of each school p5 3. 0 Drive or impede planned change and reactive change p6 Conclusion p7 Reference List p8 Introduction In this report, there are two models; Lewinââ¬â¢s Change model and the positive model. The case for these models is SAMSUNG Company. Firstly, this essay starts with description of two schools of thought and each step of two models. Secondly, there will be comparison between Lewinââ¬â¢s Change model and the positive model adapt with the case. Finally, drive or impede planned change and reactive change are demonstrated. 0. Description of 2 schools of thought 1. Theories of planned change Conceptions of planned change have tended to focus on how change can be implemented in organizations. Called ââ¬Å"theories of changing. â⬠These frameworks describe the activities that must take place to initiate and carry out successful organizational change. In this section, we describe and compare two theories of changing: Lewinââ¬â¢s change model, the action research model, an the positive model. These frameworks have received widespread attention in OD and serve as the primary basis for a general model of planned change. (Cummings, 2005) 2. Lewinââ¬â¢s change model One of the earliest models of planned change was provided by Kurt Lewin. The level of performance of a work group might be stable because group norms maintaining that level are equivalent to the supervisorââ¬â¢s pressures for change to higher levels. This level can be increased either by changing the group norms to support higher levels of performance or by increasing supervisor pressures to produce at higher levels. Lewin suggested that decreasing those forces maintaining the status quo produces less tension and resistance than increasing forces for change and consequently is a more effective change strategy. Cummings, 2005), (Palyong. S, 2011) Unfreezing: This step usually involves reducing those forces maintain the organizationââ¬â¢s behaviour at its present level. Unfreezing is sometimes accomplished through a process of ââ¬Å"psychological disconfirmation. â⬠By introducing information that shows discrepancies between behaviours desired by organization members and t hose behaviours currently exhibited, members can be motivated to engage in change activities. (Cummings, 2005), (Palyong. S, 2011) Moving (Transition): This step shifts the behaviour of the organization, department, or individual to a new level. It involves intervening in the system to develop new behaviours, values, and attitudes through changes in organizational structures and processes. (Cummings, 2005), (Palyong. S, 2011) Refreezing: This step stabilizes the organization at a new state of equilibrium. It is frequently accomplished through the use of supporting mechanisms that reinforce the new organizational state, such as organizational culture, rewards, and structures. (Cummings, 2005), (Palyong. S, 2011) 3. The positive model The positive model represents an important departure from Lewinââ¬â¢s model. This model focuses on what the organization is doing right. It helps members understand their organization when it is working at its best and builds off those capabilities to achieve even better results. Thus, positive expectations about the organization can create an anticipation that energizes and directs behaviour toward making those beliefs happen. (Cummings, 2005) à ¦ Initiate the Inquiry: This first phase determines the subject of change. It emphasizes member involvement to identify the organizational issue they have the most energy to address. If the focus of inquiry is real and vital to organization members, the change process itself will take on these positive attributes. Cummings, 2005) à ¦ Inquire into Best Practices: This phase involves gathering information about the ââ¬Å"best of what isâ⬠in the organization. If the topic is organizational innovation, then members help to develop and interview protocol that collects stories of new ideas that were develop an interview protocol that collects stories of new ideas that were developed and implemented in the organization. (Cummings, 2005) à ¦ Discover the Themes: In this phase, members examine the stories, both large and small, to identify a set of themes representing the common dimensions of peopleââ¬â¢s experiences. The themes represent the basis for moving from ââ¬Å"What isâ⬠to ââ¬Å"What could beâ⬠(Cummings, 2005) à ¦ Envision a Preferred Future: Members then examine the identified themes, challenge the status quo, and describe a compelling future. Based on the organizationââ¬â¢s successful past, Members collectively visualize the organizationââ¬â¢s future and develop ââ¬Å"possibility propositionsââ¬â¢-statements that bridge the organizationââ¬â¢s current best practices with ideal possibilities for future organizing. (Cummings, 2005) Design and Deliver Ways to Create the Future: The final phase involves the design and delivery of ways to create the future. It describes the activities and creates the plans necessary to bring about the vision. It proceeds to action and assessment phases similar to those of action research described previously. Members make changes, assess the results, make necessary adjustments, and so on as they move the organization toward the vis ion and sustain ââ¬Å"What will be. â⬠The process is continued by renewing the conversations about the best of what is. Cummings, 2005) 2. 0 Comparison of each school |Area of change |Lewinââ¬â¢s change model |The positive model | |Technological change |SAMSUNG CEO figured out that the |SAMSUNG Company organizes the | | |company needs new product to compete|meeting for staff to discuss about | | |with I-phone 4 from APPLE Company.. necessity of developing new software| | |SAMSUNG Company forces to develop |for new product. It is a step of | | |new software to staff for Galaxy S |Inquire into Best Practices. | | |4G which takes aim to I-Phone 4. It | | | |is a step of unfreeze. | |Structural change |New members, new team and post for |SAMSUNG Company CEO organizes the | | |developing new software must be |meeting to choose the staffs for | | |created in SAMSUNG Company. It helps|creating new team and post for | | |member to facilitate to develop new |developing Galaxy S 4G. It is a step| | |software. It is a step of |of Initiate the Inquiry. | | |transition. | | |People change | | | | |SAUMSUNG Company staffs have to |SAMSUNG Company staffs understand | | |figure out new ideas to develop new |necessity of developing new software| |Self |software. |for Galaxy S 4G. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Team | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Organisation | | | | | | | | | |SAMSUNG Company staff members can | | |New teams have to gather their ideas|gather information about development| | |together and figure out which idea |of Galaxy S 4G in the organization. | | |is the best for new software. |It is a step of Discover the Themes. | |SAMSUNG Company changes their output|When SAMSUNG Company CEO consider | | |schedule, because of production of |about change of output schedule, | | |Galaxy 4G. Then, there would be |the staff members will be provided | | |change in the organisation of the |meeting again and discuss about | | |company. |which way is the best. It means, | | | |staff members will figure out the | | | |way of change themselves. | (SAMSUNG, n. d) 3. 0 Drive or impede planned change and reactive change Schools of thought |Planned change |Reactive change | | |Drive |Impede |Drive |Impede | | |Transition (Moving) |There is no time to |Unfreezing stage helps |Refreezing stage | | |stage encourage member|adopt new change for |to reduce time. So, it |ensures that there is| | |to follow the change. |staff members in |is helpful when the |no way back to | | |Using facilitation |unfreezing stage. |company needs change |previous ways of | | |helps members too. |Staff members cannot |suddenly. Transition |working. It will not | |Lewinââ¬â¢s change model |Refreeze stage also |be given any option, |(Moving) stage helps |flexible device if | | |helps staffs to be |but to obey. Staffs |members to follow |the change goes | | |satisfied about their |may be unable to bear|change. When pressure of|different way from | | |change. |a burden. |company become hardly, |expected way. | | | | |staff members need to | | | | | |facilitation to helps | | | | | |member. | | |Initiate the Inquiry, |In the Discover the |Inquire into Best |Totally, this model | | |Inquire into Best |Themes phase, members|Practices stages can |takes too long time | | |Practices and Envision|examine the stories |gather information. |to make staff act. | | |a Preferred Future |to identify a set of |Then, members help to |There are too many | | |helps staff members |themes representing |develop an interview |discuss among the | | |understand and adapt |the common dimensions|each other and tell |staffs. Also, it is | | |into the chan ge. They |of peopleââ¬â¢s |stories of innovation in|not easy to gather | | |can be given choice, |experiences. It is |which they have |all of staffââ¬â¢s | | |communicate each of |not so important |personally been |opinion. So, it is | | |members and shown good|stage, because it is |involved. In this stage,|not suitable for | | |team work. Also, they |similar stage with |staff members can create|sudden or immediate | | |can act after |second; Inquire into |huge idea from each |change. Initiate the | | |understanding and |Best Practices. The |small idea. In Design |Inquiry, Discover the| | |deciding their way to |final step; Design |and Deliver Ways to |Themes and Envision a| |The positive model |act. Moreover, staff |and Deliver Ways to |Create the Future stage,|Preferred Future | | |members are able to |Create the Future |members make changes, |stage could be left | | |create unique idea |also describes the |assess the result, make |out. | | |together. |activities and |necessary adjustments, | | | | |creates the plans |and so on as they move | | | | |necessary to bring |the organization toward | | | | |about the vision ,but|the vision. It helps | | | | |it s not big |members to continue | | | | |different from fourth|conversation about the | | | | |stage; Envision a |best of what is. | | | | |Preferred Future. So,| | | | | |it could be left out | | | | | |to reduce time to | | | | | |practice. | | | (Cummings,2005),( Palyong. S,2011) Conclusion There were two different styles of schools of thought in this essay. As shown in this essay, Lewinââ¬â¢s model differ from the positive model in terms of the level of involvement of the participants and the focus of the change. Lewinââ¬â¢s model focuses on the general process of planned change. SAMSUNG Company externally seems to follow the Lewinââ¬â¢s model as a change model, but it was also able to figure out the strategy in the positive model. In conclusion, SAMSUNG Company flexibly follows two models. Reference List 1. Cummings, T. G Worley, C. G. (2005). Organization Development and Change, 8th ed. Ohio: South-Western p9 2. Cummings, T. G Worley, C. G. (2005). Organization Development and Change, 8th ed. Ohio: South-Western p12 3. Palyong, S. (2011. October 12). Original solving the problem practice of alternative and change management. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from http://blog. daum. net/songpy80/6045890 4. SAMSUNG . (n. d). New business of SAMSUNG Company. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from samsung. co. kr/samsung/philosophy/new. do 5. SAMSUNG . (n. d). Philosophy of SAMSUNG Company. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from samsung. co. kr/samsung/philosophy/principle. do 6. SAMSUNG. (n. d). The history of SAMSUNG Company. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from samsung. co. kr/samsung/history. do specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-8709945082015247652020-02-23T14:35:00.001-08:002020-02-23T14:35:03.062-08:00Pain management in nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsPain management in nursing - Research Paper Example Luckily, quite a lot of studies and print and electronic literatures cover the subject of pain management. In many occasions, literatures define pain management as composed of medical practitioners, occupational therapists, clinical nurse specialists, clinical psychologists, physiotherapists, and nurse practitioners (Gordon et al., 2005). When need arises, other practitioners such as massage specialists and psychiatrists may be incorporated in pain management practices, especially in cases of non-physical pain. Pain healing process is sometimes rather quick, once the underlying disease or trauma has been healed. This kind of pain management requires mostly one physician to deal with completely, using drugs such as analgesics (Gordon et al., 2005). On the other hand, proper management of long-term pain will require a dedicated team of physicians from a wide range of specializations to manage effectively. Medicine is concerned with the treatment of sickness and injury to enhance speedy heeling, and also treats upsetting symptoms like pain to alleviate suffering during the recovery process. In cases where a painful injury fails to heal quickly, or when the pain persists even after the injury or sickness has healed, or when the cause of the pain cannot be ascertained, the task of medicine is to relieve the pain (Gordon et al., 2005). Clinical Trials of Pain Management and Studies of Pain Mechanisms are some of the avenues by which pain management has achieved considerable growth and development in recent times. For instance clinical trials by the World Health Organization (WHO), institutions such as the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and pharmaceuticals such as GSK Pharmaceutical. For example, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke did a pilot trial of intravenous pamidronate for chronic low back pain while a GSK Pharmaceutical sponsored a randomized randomized, double-blind, placebo-contr olled, crossover pilot trial of lamotrigine for central pain due to multiple sclerosis: a model for the role of lamotrigine in the treatment of central pain. Investigator initiated grant. This paper investigates the available and accessible studies and print and electronic literatures on pain management in nursing with a view to finding the current pain management methods in use, their effectiveness, and chance for improvement if any. Further, the relevance of these literatures and any gaps and other weaknesses will be explored. Literature Review on Approaches to Pain Management in Nursing The reviewed literatures revealed that quite a number of approaches to pain management in nursing have been in use for a very log time. These techniques include; the use of physical therapy, antidepressants, analgesics, anticonvulsants, physical exercise, psychological measures like biofeedback, application of heat or ice, and in some cases, cognitive behavioral therapy (World Health Organization, 2013). Pain management in nursing can also be attained by the use of drugs or through interventional means. The interventional methods available are commonly used to cure chronic back pain. Examples of these intervention procedures are injection of facet joints, the use of spinal cord stimulators, and use of epidural steroid injections. As stated earlier, pain management may sometimes involve physicians from specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-37821368325298284052020-02-07T07:23:00.001-08:002020-02-07T07:23:02.312-08:00The Nature of War and US Security Policy in the Aftermath of the Cold EssayThe Nature of War and US Security Policy in the Aftermath of the Cold War - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that as one of the most significant conflicts in modern human history, the Cold War was marked by high expectations of conflict and violence, as well as continuous detailed planning and mobilization for war by the USSR, the US, and their respective allies. Over the course of the Cold War, hegemonic relations and alliances around the US and the USSR incorporated most of the free world with both countries occupying opposite and confrontational positions on most international issues. As a result, countries in the sphere of each hegemon were always in a state of military readiness and the risk of war was ever-present. Indeed, the most bloody post-WWII wars were fought by proxies of the USSR and the US, including the Korean War and the Vietnam War. With the end of the Cold War in 1991, however, global conflicts did not decline and, in fact, there were over 115 violent conflicts reported in the first ten years of the post-Cold War period. Gray states that while some aspects of war have changed since the end of the Cold War, the objective nature of war has remained unchanged even as the subjective nature of war has changed. Deutsch also notes that war has not dissipated with the fall of the Soviet Union, but has only changed in terms of strategy and symmetry. This paper aims to show that the end of the Cold War altered the security policy of the US by replacing a conventional military adversary with a more mobile and asymmetrical adversary. Newman broadly defines the Cold War as the relationship that developed between the USSR and the US following their joint triumph against Nazi Germany in WWII. The unique nature of this relationship came to dominate international affairs for almost five decades and led to several major crises like the Hungarian revolution, the Vietnam War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Korean War, and the Soviet-Afghan War. Possibly the tensest issue was the proliferation of nuclear weap ons and other weapons of mass destruction in preparation for eventual war. specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-38884332806754049532020-01-29T06:01:00.001-08:002020-01-29T06:01:04.963-08:00Public communication Ethics Case studies Essay Example for Free Public communication Ethics Case studies Essay The International Smart Tan is a global synergetic consortium that has been committed to promoting as well as researching on responsible skin care for people who develop sunburns and tans. It teaches on methods of minimizing the risks that are associated with too little or too much sunlight (Tanning, 2008). Ultra Violet Radiation has been widely recognized as being carcinogenic thus causing various types of skin cancer. Exposure during the early years during adolescence and childhood are crucial as far as risks of skin cancers are concerned. Traditionally the major source of UVR exposures in the tanning purposes have been rays from the sun though tanning equipments have now represented amplified importance to sources of exposure mostly to the young adults and adolescents. This exposure amplifies the risks of melanoma. Most of the suns scare activists profit through marketing the distorted sun abstinence message to the public. Therefore grassroots health is the main organization that is fully committed in offering education on Vitamin D through launching a global public health campaign in order to solve the epidemic of Vitamin D deficiency. Therefore it is imperative to discuss how potterââ¬â¢s model is applicable in this case study, the ethical theories behind it and how I would communicate my position as far as the case study is concerned. Constant changes in the public health and the society have forced most health professionals to engage into some new roles and develop new competencies. Public health practitioners ought to be trained in order to respond to such challenges. Porterââ¬â¢s model of pure competition implies on the fact that the risks rates ought to be constant across industries and firms (Strategic management, 2010). His framework model assumes that industries are usually influenced by some forces. These forces are rivalry, threat of substitutes, buyer power, supplier power and threat of entry. Smart Tanning in order to pursue some advantage over its rivals had to improve on their communication strategies. They emphasized on the importance of vitamin D and its sufficient risks. They also exploited relationships with the other counterparts like the public health practitioners. As far as the buyer power is concerned, the relationship that the public have with Smart Tanning is amplifying and almost to monopsony level. Also there is a concept of supplier power as Smart tanning has some relationships with the hospitals thus suppliers are concentrated. They also face barriers because of government regulations that prompt them to offer the right information in order to uplift right health communication on causes of skin cancers and how effectively it can be solved. Strategy in Smart Tanning can be formulated on business, functional and corporate level. The business level is the major context as far as industry rivalry is concerned thus focus, differentiation and cost leadership ought to be implemented in order to create a competitive advantage. The generic strategies will help Smart Tanning to leverage its main strengths and defend on the serious effects of the forces. Some of the ethical theories that can be applied are the moral theory, utilitarian, virtue theories and others. Smart tanning has applied the utilitarian theory as it has focused on making everybody concerned and mostly the consumers happy. It has demonstrated that they have high standards when it comes to consumer education, employee training as well as the public welfare against fighting skin cancer. The moral and virtue theory has been used on the grounds that the tanning association has come with moral strategies to make sure that the public is not affected but rather are being helped. It has amplified the comprehension of professional tanning that moderates ultra-violet exposures from outdoor and indoor tanning that does recognize the manageable risks as well as benefits that are associated with the ultraviolet exposures of the light. The other is rational theory as tanning industry is quite effective on teaching about the prevention of sunburn than those who are after promoting sun avoidance. My personal take on this case study is that tanning industry is imperative as it will help in reducing skin cancers. However, there is loss of perspective that there are other psychological and physiological benefits that are also associated with sunlight that needs more research and the fact that most risks bare manageable for all people who have got the aptitude of developing a tan and for most people benefits of sun exposure do outweigh most risks that are associated with being overexposed. Also to a large extent it is crucial as smart tanning means comprehending both risks and benefits of sunlight. B. Right to Know vs. Personal Privacy (Ch. 5, Case 19, the Controversial Patriot Act) Tensions between public information and personal privacy will undoubtedly never ebb. Privacy issues do revolve on the conflict between the right of the public to know about something and the citizensââ¬â¢ right to keep the information to themselves (Joseph. , Robert Lucinda, 2008, pp. 121). It is therefore crucial to give limelight to some of the controversies that emerged in the Patriot Act which most address on information sharing. The Patriot Act was initially designed in order to enhance the investigations on federal anti-terrorism. However, the opponents of the senate asserted that the changes in the Act have failed to sufficiently address on the concerns of civil liberties with the raise of provisions. Section 203 (b and d) allows for information from the criminals to be shared with the intelligence agents as well as other governmentââ¬â¢s bodies (NPR, 2010). However, the major controversy is that most critics believe that the unrestricted sharing might lead to development of intense databases on citizens who are not the main targets of crime. The supporters however assert that the provisions will enhance sharing of information within the intelligence community as well as the FBI. Section 206 (NPR, 2010) allows for the wire tap authorization in order to cover many devices and eliminates the need for court authorizations to a suspectââ¬â¢s PC, cell phone as well as blackberry. The critics affirm that the language in the Act might lead to violations of privacy to anybody who might come into contact with a suspect. On the other hand, the government asserts that roving wiretaps are needed in order to deal with the sophisticated technological terrorists. Section 215 allows for easy access of business records (NPR, 2010). However, the critics attack this provision saying that the law can be used to order for reading records of bookstore patrons or library. On the other hand, the supporters allege that the provision will allow the investigators in obtaining documents that are connected to terror. Section (213) allows for the sneak and peek warrants where critics aver that the provision allows for search even for minor crimes apart from the espionage and terror crimes. The supporters assert that this provision allows investigators to search houses of criminals. Porterââ¬â¢s five competitive forces model are to a large extent applicable in this case study. As far as entry of competitors is concerned, it is very difficult for the government to implement on the provisions and receive full support with the major controversies that are emerging in the sections of the provisions. The critics will easily continue to criticize the provisions as long as there are questionable loopholes that raise concerns on mistakes, misuse and invasion of privacy. The Patriot Act is also under threat of being substituted or implemented to another that fits every citizen if it not properly defined by the government. The bargaining power of the buyers who are public in this case is quite strong and it will be difficult for them to work together unless the provisions are changed to adapt to everybodyââ¬â¢s preference and for the good of all. There is a strong competition and argument between the government supporters and the critics because of the barriers created by critics. One of the ethical theories that are in relation to this is the utilitarian theory which seeks the happiness of the majority. The provisions should be implemented in a way that suit everybody and brings happiness to the majority if not to all people. The controversial issues are immense as they touch on privacy concept that ought to be reinforced and respected. The other is consequentialist or teleological theory that views on what ought to be done determined by the consequences. The government should analyze on some of the effects of these provisions. The other is moral duty. Any act of rule is proper as long as it satisfies all the demands of the overriding or non consequentialist principles of morality. The deontology theory also stresses that any value of any action does lie in motives instead of the consequences. All these theories do apply the issue as the government should aim at maximizing happiness, acting morally, focus on the consequences of the actions as well as make their motives known to the public to create acceptance. As far as am concerned, under the guise of the Patriot Act and in the name of defending freedom and fighting terrorism, The Act is doing neither. It is suppressing the rights of the Americans to dissent as it gives the government power to go ahead and conduct some secret trials as well as executions. For all who seek in preserving the democracy in USA, it is vital to consider all people rationally. Defense on democracy starts at home and there ought to be realization of democracy and freedom which the Act is quite antithetical to all. Since the inception of the Act, it has been shrouded with controversies and it is fair to have a clear and closer look to the consequences of the Act. This is an Act that will abuse access of private information as no one is in a position to define what suspicious behavior constitutes. The Act is a mere unpatriotic way of limiting the civil rights, infringing on the free communication or speech, interfering with freedom and infringing the citizenââ¬â¢s privacy rights. C. Media Interests vs. Community Interests; Ch. 9, Case 39, Gatekeepers II: Opening the Door) The broad concept of public interest is quite familiar to most people and is usually considered as defense from media intrusion of peopleââ¬â¢s privacy under certain circumstances. Most things constitute the public interest in a vulnerable rather than what can be deemed as strong sense. Where something or an information might be seen to affect only one person, it might be in public interest incase the effect usually involves other principles that will have adverse effect on the population for example the abuse of power or a grave crime. The media do try to maximize and equalize their audiences thus livening stories which would in the long run overstep the regulation guidelines. It is therefore imperative to give some facts about Gate Keeperââ¬â¢s II: opening the door is concerned. This is a story about a protest and the Horowitz advertisement. It offers background on Horowitz advertisement and his main idea of running the advertisement in the college newspapers. It offers critically friendly view on the purpose of the advertisement. Horowitz happens to be a neoconservative journalist who attempted to go ahead and publish an advertisement entitled ââ¬Å"ten reasons why reparations for slavery are a bad idea for black people and racist tooâ⬠. Most college newspapers like Columbia and Harvard rejected the advertisement since the editors thought it was racist and offensive. The newspapers pointed out on the fact that they were not in any position to accept all advertisers who are in a position to buy an advertisement. Few newspapers ran the advertisement and only the University of Chicago ran the advertisement without much hostility (Anthony, 2001). Most people view the rejection of the advertisement as evidence of a politically correct censorship in the American campuses but others have aired concerns on freedom of expression in USA. Some of the ethical theories that Horowitz should have focused on are virtue and moral theories that entails of behaving ethically without attacking any race. He should have also focused on utilitarianism theory to make sure he writes something that will bring maximum happiness to the majority. In my view, the Horowitz argument and essay was quite offensive to some extent. This is not because it was racist but he doesnââ¬â¢t deny on the fact that slavery did occur or Africans who were enslaved were seriously wronged. He attempts to set an argument purportedly ascertain on which groups did benefit from the slavery and how they did. He contends that Blacks benefited from the slavery. His arguments are to a certain extent offensive as his contention that the blacks benefited from slavery reduces the slavery wrongs. Also the argument that the blacks would be better in America than they would be in Africa sounds almost like justifying the brutal kidnappings on grounds the victimââ¬â¢s children might end up in countries with high living standard. References Indoor tanning: Smart tan. 2008. Retrieved 23, Aug 2010 http://www. tanningtruth. com/index. php/indoor_tanning/ Porterââ¬â¢s five forces. 2010. Strategic management. Retrieved 23, Aug, 2010 http://www. quickmba. com/strategy/porter. shtml Sebok, Anthony. 2001. The Horowitz slavery AD controversy, and the problem with conceptualizing human rights violations as property based. Retrieved 23, Aug, 2010 http://writ. news. findlaw. com/sebok/20010326. html Straubhaar, Joseph. , LaRose, Robert Davenport, Lucinda. 2008. Media now: Understanding media, culture and technology. USA: Cengage Learning The Patriot Act : Key controversies. 2010. Retrieved, 23, Aug 2010 http://www. npr. org/news/specials/patriotact/patriotactdeal. html specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-21170924108301417242020-01-21T02:25:00.001-08:002020-01-21T02:25:03.890-08:00Hemophilia Essay -- essays research papers fc Hemophilia is the oldest known hereditary bleeding disorder. There are two types of hemophilia, A and B (Christmas Disease). Low levels or complete absence of a blood protein essential for clotting causes both. Patients with hemophilia A lack the blood clotting protein, factor VIII, and those with hemophilia B lack factor IX. A person with severe hemophilia has less than 1% of the normal amount of a clotting factor - either Factor VIII (8) or Factor IX (9). People without hemophilia have between 50-150% of the normal level of factor VIII or IX. There are about 20,000 hemophilia patients in the United States. Each year, about 400 babies are born with this disorder. Approximately 85% have hemophilia A and the remainder has hemophilia B. The severity of hemophilia is related to the amount of the clotting factor in the blood. About 70% of hemophilia patients have less than one percent of the normal amount and, thus, have severe hemophilia. A small increase in the blood level of the clotting factor, up to five percent of normal, results in mild hemophilia with rare bleeding except after injuries or surgery. This is not a problem when a person with hemophilia has a simple cut or scrape. He doesnââ¬â¢t bleed any faster than the average person. He can hold pressure on the cut and platelets in the blood will stop the bleeding. The problem for people with hemophilia is bleeding inside the body, especially bleeding into joints like the knees, elbows, and ankles. When bleeding happens inside the joint, it becomes very swollen and painful. Repeated bleeding into a joint can cause a type of crippling arthritis. Bleeding inside other parts of the body, such as the brain, throat, and abdomen can be life-threatening. A person with mild hemophilia may only have problems with bleeding when he has surgery, major dental work, or a severe injury. A person with moderate hemophilia will have those problems plus bleeding problems with more minor injuries such as a hard bump to the knee. A person with severe hemophilia can have what are called spontaneous bleeds - bleeding that starts inside the body for no known reason. Hemophilia is classified as mild, moderate or severe, depending on the amount of clotting factor a person has in his body. Severe hemophilia is actually the most common form. People with hemophilia are born with the disorder and have it all of their lives. You can't ca... ...ed HIV. Factor VIII gene is characterized and cloned. 1985 Viral-inactivated factor concentrates become available. ELISA and Western Blot Test are developed to test antibodies for HIV. 1989 Hepatitis C virus, previously called non-A, non-B, is identified. 1991 Testing for hepatitis C is introduced. 1992 First recombinant factor VIII products become available. 1995 First case of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, the human form of Mad Cow disease, is identified in the U.K. 1997 First recombinant factor IX products become available. 1998 Gene therapy trials on humans begin. Effective treatment for hemophilia is available, but as yet there is no cure. Bleeding can be treated with an injection of clotting factor that is made from blood or biotechnological ingredients called recombinants. Bleeding stops when enough clotting factor reaches the affected area. Works Cited I.à à à à à Principles Of Genetics 7th Edition, Robert H. Tamarin. 2002 II.à à à à à World Federation of Hemophilia. www.wfh.org III.à à à à à Hemophilia of Georgia. www.hog.org IV.à à à à à Hemophilia Village. Hemophiliavillage.com specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-71999986279083795492020-01-12T22:47:00.001-08:002020-01-12T22:47:04.074-08:00Assessing what appears to be the use of LAMP in Eduardo Gamarraââ¬â¢s CVAIn January 2003, Eduardo Gamarra and his research team set out to lend their professional and academic expertise in mitigating the probable causes of Bolivian conflicts through the Conflict Vulnerability Assessment or CVA of Bolivia (Gamarra, 2003, p. 1). Assessing the possible causes of conflicts in Bolivia will stop the ongoing threats to countrywide instability.The Bolivian instability may have started and peeked during the 2002 elections where parties started to clamor for position by entering into party coalitions; due to this, the majority vote that should have been echoed as the Bolivian democracy has been counterproductive to insure the satisfaction of party coalition based interests (Gamarra, 2003, p. 4). Through the CVA, Gamarra deems that it is possible to predict possible events that could turn into violent confrontations by taking into account the premises set by the present Bolivian political landscape.In relation to the main objectives of this research paper, Eduardo G amarraââ¬â¢s preemptive and predictive research to address future Bolivian conflicts will be assessed through the methodology that Gamarra employed in his research. As of this point, Gamarraââ¬â¢s CVA appears to employ predictive methodologies in its attempts to prevent the occurrence of violent confrontations in Bolivia. Furthermore, CVA appears to follow conventions of predictive research such as those prescribed in LAMP. As the center of this research paper, Lockwood Analytical Method of Prediction (LAMP) is one of the widely used predictive research methodologies (LAMP, 2010, p.n. pag. ). This methodology offers a new methodological approach from the conventional quantity based projections in predictive researches (LAMP, 2010, p. n. pag. ). LAMP can be assumed as the methodology used by Gamarra in CVA since CVA is also highly predictive in terms of its generalizations. This research paper will assess whether Gamarraââ¬â¢s CVA as a predictive work follows the guidelines set by LAMP. By qualifying the CVA parts and foci with the twelve steps prescribed in LAMP, this paper seeks to fulfill its objective and deems that a definitive conclusion is possible to arrive at. Gamarra as a follower of LAMP as seen in his CVATo conclusively qualify whether Gamarra used the LAMP method in writing the CVA would require the tedious work of identifying whether the part of the LAMP are present in the CVA. This task is impeded by the fact that the final format of the CVA does not have the same labels as the LAMP; at least not as blatant. However, the idea that Gamarra used the LAMP in his CVA can be seen through the parts that his CVA put so much attention on (which follows LAMP prescriptions). These parts appears to have been presented in the CVA; these parts entails almost fifty percent accordance to the prescribe methodology in LAMP.In the whole CVA, the issue that holds the most bearing is the mitigation and prevention of conflicts in Bolivia. Gamarra and his tea m was more than solid in reiterating that the CVA will focus on Bolivia as a conflict prone country. This is the reason why Gamarra and his team spent a lot of time in trying to predict the possibilities of the occurrence of conflicts. Through the extensive research facts presented in the paper, it can even be said that the whole CVA seeks to answer one primary question, ââ¬Å"What are the probable reasons that would cause conflicts to arise in Bolivia?â⬠The CVA tried to find the answer for this question by grouping the conflicts in Bolivia in five major classifications, institutional, economic, land, coca/cocaine, and citizen and public security (Gamarra, 2003, p. 4). In the CVA, Gamarra and his team identified two major actors that can very much affect the outcome of the conflict resolution and mitigation in Bolivia- government and opposition. The MNR or Nationalist Revolutionary Movement represents the government; while the MAS or Movimiento al Socialismo leads the opposit ion. CVA attributed that these parties are the main actors in the Bolivian politics and conflicts.Misunderstandings and apathy between these two parties can easily translate the strong political divide to violent confrontations (Gamarra, 2003, p. 4). However, the CVA did not dismiss the possibility that the 2002 elections can also improve the conflict situation through these parties (Gamarra, 2003, p. 4). The government and the opposition perceive the issues of conflict in terms of their participations on the issues. The government side pride themselves in terms of the international economic and security support it has (Gamarra, 2003, p. 6).On the other hand, the opposition takes pride in the intermediation they are able to contribute to the conflict resolution process (Gamarra, 2003, p. 6). In the CVA Gamarra and his team provided contextualizing facts that would put the MAS led opposition and MNR led government in their places in the conflict situation. This attempt can be seen wi th the graphical representation that Gamarra and his team presented to show the divided opinions of the national actors regarding the appropriate type of government in Bolivia (Gamarra, 2003, p. 14).Gamarra further contextualized the conflicts in terms of the partisan opinion in considering the plausibility of military uprising (coup dââ¬â¢etat) in installing new types of government that parties see as more fitting to Bolivia (Gamarra, 2003, p. 12). Even if Gamarra and his team are loyal to LAMP in these parts of CVA, there are other parts of CVA that show that the CVA was not exclusively written through LAMP. The Contradictions, Shortcomings and Disloyalties of CVA to LAMP As said earlier, the CVA appears to be written through the LAMP; this can hold for the almost fifty percent of the CVA.However, in terms of the data gathering and presentation part of the CVA Gamarra and his team took a different path apart from LAMP. This claim can be supported with the different formulation of the conflict scenarios in the CVA when compared to the LAMP. In LAMP, the permutations of the alternative futures (z) follow a strict formula XY=Z that is determined by the number of actors (x) and the numbers of major scenarios (y) (LAMP, 2010, p. n. pag. ). The formula basis of LAMP insures uniformity in terms of the numbers of scenarios that would be required in predicting through certain national actors.In the CVA there are five major scenarios provided (counter narcotics, political institutions, citizen and public security, economic arena and land ownership). Raising the two identified actors by the five major scenarios will require thirty-two scenarios. On the other hand, the CVA was only able to provide 16 scenarios under the five major scenarios. Another shortcoming of the CVA was its failure to conduct proper pair wise comparison among the scenarios; this resulted to different scenarios provided under the five major scenarios.The scenarios of citizen and public security have four scenarios as compared to the three scenarios of all of the remaining major scenarios (counter- narcotics, political institutions, economic arena and land ownership. Due to the absence of a pair wise comparing mechanism, the CVA also lacks the qualifications of probabilities that are determined through ââ¬Å"votesâ⬠from comparing pair wise. These characteristics of the CVA deviated by twenty- five percent from the total twelve steps prescribed in LAMP.On the other hand, CVA delivered the remaining twenty-five percent of LAMP in accordance to the prescriptions of LAMP. Gamarra and his team provided the needed information to establish consequential analysis, which the step 9 of LAMP prescribed. The steps 10, 11 and 12 are also included in the CVA through the imaginative conclusion presented in the CVA. The high dependency rate of the Gamarra and his teamââ¬â¢s conclusion with the numbers presented by the graphical representations follow the predictive nature of LAMP . Conclusion and RecommendationsTaking into account all of the investigations presented in this research paper it can be concluded that the Conflict Vulnerability Assessment of Bolivia is a hybrid research in terms of the methodologies it employed. The seventy five percent of the CVA was written in accordance with LAMP, but the twenty five percent of CVA does not coincide with the quantitative requirements of LAMP. The difference between LAMP and the methodology employed in CVA does not imply that the CVA is a failed predictive research. CVAââ¬â¢s use of different methods only show the flexibility that Gamarra and his team sought to establish in the CVA.Given this conclusion, this paper would recommend improvements for the two major aspects of the CVA- structure and methodology. It is recommendable that the CVA would use a paper structure or format that is more accessible in answering specific aspects of predictive research. The current arrangement of the CVA tends to make the is sue of Bolivian conflict too broad to discuss and even solve. The discussions without the recommended segmentation appear not only to be reiterating but also to be too general since the reference focal points overlap each other (as seen in the presentation of the scenarios).On the other hand, the methodology employed with the CVA appears to be improvable in terms of making the quantitative aspect of the methodology isolated and only catered as additional empirical references. A qualitative research method is probably more fitting to the undeniable culture sensitive and politics laden conflicts in Bolivia. Eduardo Gamarra and his team could have broken away from the conventions of quantitative predictive research by providing more vivid narrative accounts of the current and predicted conflict situations instead of standing on the methodological position of LAMP.The quantitative elaborateness in LAMP makes the quantitative shortcomings in CVA either half-truths or irrelevant; both pro babilities could have avoided if the CVA was treated as a qualitative research. Bibliography Gamarra, E. A. (2003). Conflict Vulnerability Assessment Bolivia. Retrieved August 5, 2010, from www. digitalcommons. flu. edu: http://digitalcommons. fiu. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1002&context=laccwps LAMP. (2010). The Application of LAMP. Retrieved August 5, 2010, from www. lamp-method. org: http://www. lamp-method. org/2. html specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-30384574481551770142020-01-04T19:11:00.001-08:002020-01-04T19:11:03.038-08:00The Themes Of Allusions In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein William James said, ââ¬Å"When two minds of a high order, interested in kindred subjects, come together, their conversation is chiefly remarkable for the summariness of its allusions and the rapidity of its transitions. Before one of them is half through a sentence the other knows his meaning and replies. ... His mental lungs breathe more deeply, in an atmosphere more broad and vastâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Mary Shelley was a young and brilliant author and woman, who if allusionist was a career path, sheââ¬â¢d be a trailblazer. Although she has an almost impeccable hand at allusions, why does she use them? Was it because of her youth in life as well as the world of literature? Surrounded by literature geniuses of the Romantic era, did she feel intimidated, apprehensive,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬Å"Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay/ To mould Me man? Did I solicit thee/ From darkness to promote me?â⬠(Milton, Lines 743-745) This is from when Adam is confronting God after Ev e and he were found having eaten the forbidden fruit. This can compare to a number of characters within Shelleyââ¬â¢s book: Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and the Creature. The way this quote relates to Robert Walton is by comparing his temptation by the possible glory and knowledge coming from finding a passage to the North Pole to that of the temptation Adam faced by the possible knowledge coming from eating the forbidden fruit. This allows the speculation that Waltonââ¬â¢s ambitious strive for a passage to the North Pole could possibly lead to greater consequences than those formally perceived. Victor Frankenstein relates to this quote in the same similar way of temptation as Walton except his thirst for knowledge and glory is focused on the extension of mortality and human ability. This allows the reader to feel compassion for the creator. Lastly, but most obvious, is the way this quote relates to the Creature. The Creature was faced with a far more evil temptation, h e was tempted by the cruelty of mankind. This may allow the reader to feel compassion for both the Creature and, oddly, for the devil himself. Though the quote was from Adam, readers can also relate the quote to the Devilââ¬â¢s situation. HeShow MoreRelatedMary Shelleyà ´s Frankenstein; Or, the Modern Prometheus, an Analysis of the Subtitle1219 Words à |à 5 Pages(Shelley 37). Ab initio Victor Frankenstein, the main protagonist, is being put on a level with Prometheus through the subtitle. An indication that Mary Shelley did indeed have the myth in mind as she wrote the novel, is not only her subtitle, but moreover the parallels between the Prometheus myth and Frankenstein, which are undeniable. The title itself gives a lot away of the story which follows. It links the modern world with the ancient Greek myth. Victor Frankenstein ââ¬Å"stealsâ⬠the secret of lifeRead MoreTheme Of Allusions In Frankenstein987 Words à |à 4 PagesFrankenstein Allusions Mary Shelley, author of Frankenstein, references many other works of literature in her renowned book. To name a few of the referenced works there were John Miltonââ¬â¢s Paradise Lost, the Greek ââ¬Å"Prometheus mythâ⬠, and the widely known poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ââ¬Å"The Rime of the Ancient Marinerâ⬠. Each of these allusions gave a new meaning to Shelleyââ¬â¢s story, affecting how each of the readers interpreted her words. Paradise Lost shares many parallels with Frankenstein. TwoRead MoreMonsters within a Young Girlââ¬â¢s Mind: Frankenstein by Mary Shelley1379 Words à |à 6 Pages The interpretation of the young girlââ¬â¢s ghastly nightmare, fashioned by her own imagination derived the novel ââ¬Å"Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus.â⬠Mary Shelley began, putting pen to paper reveling her cautionary tale, a moral lesson hidden within a horrifying story that would awaken thrill and terror in her audience. Mary felt that if this was not accomplished, the novel would not live up to its title ââ¬Å"The Modern Prometheus.â⬠She relates to geographic elements that are subsequent the French RevolutionaryRead MoreInfluence of The Metamorphoses and Paradise Lost in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley891 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Metamorphoses and Paradise Lost in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Frankenstein, possibly Mary Wollstonecraft Shelleys most well-known work, is considered by some to be the greatest Gothic Romance Novel. Due to her marriage to Percy Bysshe Shelley and close friendship with other prolific Romantic authors and poets, namely Lord Byron, Shelleys works permeate with Romantic themes and references. Also present in Frankenstein are obvious allusions to The Metamorphoses by Ovid and Paradise Read MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner1634 Words à |à 7 PagesSince its publication in 1818, Mary Shelleyââ¬â¢s Frankenstein has been translated into over 28 languages and sold millions on millions of copies (Anonymous). The immense popularity largely stems from the novelââ¬â¢s connections to literary schools of criticism and several other written pieces. Specifically, Mary Shelleyââ¬â¢s Frankenstein intertwines with feminist criticism and directly compares to the Genesis creation story, as well as Samuel Taylor Coleridgeââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.â⬠When on theRead MoreFrankendoodle And Frankenstein1079 Words à |à 5 PagesFrankenstein is a classic science fiction novel written by Mary Shelley, through the ages, many adaptations have taken the story through various forms of popular culture. SpongeBob Squarepants, a popular children s television show often alludes to classic literature, and makes it entertaining for all ages. While this example is quite comical, it does hold classical elements associated with Frankenstein, but takes a spin on the classic science fiction novel. In this essay I will consider the similaritiesRead MoreMary Shelley s Modern Prometheus1365 Words à |à 6 PagesFrankenstein was Mary Shelleyââ¬â¢s modern Prometheus, a literary form of the forbidden flame bestowed upon the human race ââ¬â the science of electricity. Yet, the story of Victor Frankensteinââ¬â¢s creature is not one strictly of science, or of a caution against it, or of a vendetta against the popular Calvinist belief of predesti nation. What Victor Frankenstein, and Mary Shelley, created for the world was a story of how far a man dared go with the forbidden flame ââ¬â greater natural knowledge ââ¬â that was spreadingRead MoreA Comparison Of Frankendoodle And Frankenstein1199 Words à |à 5 Pagesââ¬Å"Frankendoodleâ⬠in Comparison to the Original text ââ¬Å"Frankensteinâ⬠Frankenstein is a classic science fiction novel written by Mary Shelley, through the ages, many adaptations have taken the story through various forms of popular culture. SpongeBob Squarepants, a popular children s television show often alludes to classic literature, and makes it entertaining for all ages. While this example is quite comical, it does hold classical elements associated with Frankenstein, but takes a spin on the classic scienceRead More Themes of Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1421 Words à |à 6 Pages Mary Shelley discusses the themes of birth and creation, appearance and the necessity of companionship, love and acceptance in her novel Frankenstein. The themes that are explored in Frankenstein are relevant to todayââ¬â¢s modern world. Shelley challenges readers by endorsing and confronting attitudes and values in her text through the events, circumstances and outcomes that take place in the novel, thus causing the reader to reflect upon their own lives and in turn th e society around them. ShelleyRead MoreCatcher in the Rye vs Frankenstein Novel Study Essay1304 Words à |à 6 Pagesand Frankenstein. The two authors, J.D. Salinger and Mary Shelley prove this statement through their use of various literary devices. Key characters in both novels- Holden and the creature- learn through personal experiences that innocence cannot, in fact, be preserved forever, and they both face the reality of corruption. The use of allusions in both novels plays a big role in assisting the authors with introducing the message of innocence and corruption. The most obvious use of an allusion in specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-38404779001958558212019-12-27T15:37:00.001-08:002019-12-27T15:37:02.799-08:00British Death and Burial Records Onlinespecmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-10786288584341888652019-12-19T11:25:00.001-08:002019-12-19T11:25:04.478-08:00Movie Analysis Run Lola Run - 1533 Words Film Analysis ââ¬â Run, Lola, Run Raghuraj Rathi Tom Tykwerââ¬â¢s Run Lola Run (1998) is truly a brilliant film. It is very seldom that a film manages to combine the high pace of an action thriller and a deep philosophical subtext without botching it, but Run Lola Run does an excellent job at striking a balance between both. Tackling the very abstract and philosophical concepts of chance and cause-effect, Run Lola Run is truly a modern foreign classic. Tykwer manages to postulate one simple theory through the film, that the simplest of choices can completely change everything. The film is supported by stellar performances from Franka Potente and Moritz Bleibtreu as the protagonist Lola and her boyfriend, Manni. The filmââ¬â¢s use of cinematography to add to the narrative, clever use of the aspects of mise-en-scene and explosively-paced soundtrack add a whole new dimension to this film. One of the few German films to be both a critical and commercial success, Run Lola Run is a smart and stimulating film, which demands active w atching in order to understand fully. I will now analyze the film comprehensively using three main parameters; the mise-en-scene, the cinematography and the sound. Mise-En-Scene One of the most important aspects in Run Lola Runââ¬â¢s mise-en-scene is the locations used. The different settings of the film add a lot to the main narrative. The film entirely takes place in the city of Berlin rather than studios, effectively personifying it. The director depicts Berlin asShow MoreRelatedRun Lola Run901 Words à |à 4 PagesMovie Analysis Run Lola Run Philosophy In the beginning credits of the movie, the last person we see is a plump Bank Guard with a soccer ball who states, The ball is round. The game lasts ninety minutes. The rest is theory...â⬠and then kicks the ball into the air into a crowd of strangers. Dispersing to move away from the ball this crowd of strangers forms the title of the film when viewed from above. This foreshadows the main themes following in the rest of the movie; the themes of timeRead MoreEssay about Analysis of German Film Run Lola Run906 Words à |à 4 PagesAnalysis of German Film Run Lola Run Run Lola Run, is a German film about a twenty-something woman (Lola) who has 20 minutes to find $100,000 or her love (Manni) will be killed. The search for the money is played through once with a fatal ending and one would think the movie was over but then it is shown again as if it had happened ten seconds later and changed everything. It is then played out one last time. After the first and second sequence, there is a red hued, narrative bridgeRead MoreMovie Analysis : Lola Rennt1283 Words à |à 6 PagesAllison Riddle FIL 3854 September 13, 2015 Lola Rennt (Run, Lola Run), Director: Tom Tykwer, Year: 1998 Film Analysis One - Lola Rennt Lola Rennt, or Run Lola Run, is a German film produced by Stefan Arndt and written and directed by Tom Tykwer. This 1998 film depicts a twenty-something girl, Lola, trying to help out her boyfriend, Manni. He was the middle man for a drug deal but he lost the payment on the train in transit to turn the money in. Manni is told by the drug dealer that he only has twentyRead MoreThe Four Ps of Creativity2243 Words à |à 9 Pagesaround creative beings and how these factors influence their final creative products. According to Mel Rhodes in his book An Analysis of Creativity (1961) these Four Ps; person, place, process and product are the underlying factors of creativity itself. By understanding how the 4 Ps work we are able to venturing into the life of a creative thinker and conduct and analysis of there creativity. In this case we will look at a German media artist, Tom Tykwer who has constructed a variety of unique filmsRead MoreTinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang: the Movie2160 Words à | à 9 Pagesbecomes the Greek chorus who serves as the communityââ¬â¢s censor or the ââ¬Å"townââ¬â¢s judgeâ⬠which dispenses what is morally right and wrong. Scandalized by the pregnancy of Kuala, the Associacion members suggested that Kuala should be under the custody of Lola Jacoba (the townââ¬â¢s rich matriarch and a member of the Associacion ) Junior shows up and helps the pregnant Kuala make her way back to Bertoââ¬â¢s shack. He entreats his father to help the hapless Kuala but the latter chided his son for meddling in theRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words à |à 58 Pagesvertically integrated system, a set of economic innovations which was firmly in place by 1930. For the next three decades, the movie industry in the United States and the rest of the world operated by according to these principles. Cultural, social and economic changes ensured the demise of this system after the Second World War. A new way to run Hollywood was required. Beginning in 1962, Lew Wasserman of Universal Studios emerged as the key innovator in creating a secondRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words à |à 316 PagesPhenomenology of the Narrative, 16 II Problems of Film Semiotics Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. The Cinema: Language or Language System? 31 Some Points in the Semiotics of the Cinema, 92 Problems of Denotation in the Fiction Film, 108 III Syntagmatic Analysis of the Image Track Chapter 6. Outline of the Autonomous Segments in Jacques Rozier s film Adieu Philippine, 149 Chapter 7. Syntagmatic Study of Jacques Rozier s Film Adieu Philippine, 177 vii viii CONTENTS IV The Modern Cinema: Some TheoreticalRead MoreCoco Cola18335 Words à |à 74 PagesCanada, amongst others, are also campaigning for the boycott to spread. Theà University of Michiganà andà New York Universityà banned Coke products from their campuses, bringing the number to over 23. Several US universities have switched toà Pepsià in school-run facilities (not including vending machines, but including eateries and sports arenas) in support of the boycott. Israel and the Middle East[edit] In 1949, Coca-Cola attempted to open a plant inà Israelà but was refused a permit. Eager to avoid theà Arab specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7259303991878338666.post-14110705938933276502019-12-11T08:08:00.001-08:002019-12-11T08:08:03.422-08:00Role of the Gods in the Iliad Essay Example For Students Role of the Gods in the Iliad Essay With our view of God, comprehending the actions and thinking of the Greek deities can sometimes be difficult. The Christian God does not take such an active role in the affairs of peoples lives, where, the Greeks regarded direct involvement by the gods as a uncontrollable part of life. Naturally, divine intervention was a major variable in the equation of Homers Iliad. Zeus, as the symbol of supreme authority and justice, made judgement calls as to the other gods involvement in the war and remained impartial. Even when his own son, Sarpedon, was about to die, he chose to let the outcome go unaltered. On the other hand, his wife, Hera, displayed the more typical actions of a god. After Paris judged Aphrodite the fairest over herself and after a young Trojan boy replaced her daughter Hebe as cupbearer to the gods, she was resentful toward Troy. So she sided with the Greeks and would stop at no length to express her will. Scheming and manipulating, she even dared to trick Zeus. Along with Athena, she is seen as the chief divine aid to the Greeks. Being the god of the sea, Poseidon was another strong supporter of the ocean-faring Greeks. Whenever Zeus turned his back, he tried to help the Greeks in the fight. He felt that he was somewhat Zeuss equal as his brother, but recognizing Zeuss authority and experience, he looked to Zeus as an elder. Some Gods favored the Trojan side of the conflict. Both Apollo and Artemis gave aid to the city of Troy. Although Artemis takes a minor role, Apollo, perhaps angered by Agamemnons refusal to ransom Khryseis, was constantly changing the course of the war in favor of the Trojans. Responsible for sending plague to the Greeks, he was the first god to make an appearance in the Iliad. Their mother, Leto, also helped the Trojans. Aphrodite sided with the Trojans. Although she was insignificant on the battlefield, she was successful in convincing Ares, the god of war, to help the Trojans. One view of the gods constant intervention in the war was that they were just setting fate back on the right course. For instance, when Patroklos was killed outside Troy, Apollo felt no guilt for his doings. It had been decided that Patroklos would not take Troy so he should never have disobeyed Achilles in the first place. As a god, Apollo was just setting fate back in line. Achilles laid blame on the Trojans. He never considered accusing Apollo, although he was primarily responsible for the kill. Apollos part in the matter was merely accepted as a natural disaster would be today. The general acceptance of a gods will is a recurring trend throughout the poem. A prime example of this trend is in book XXIV. Achilles, angry over the death of Patroklos, disgraced Hektors body. Tethering the corpse, he dragged it around Patrokloss tomb every day for twelve days. This barbaric treatment displeased the gods. Zeus sent Achilles mother, Thetis, to tell him to ransom the body back to the Trojans. One may think Achilles would be possessive of the body and attempt to put up a fuss as he did before with Agamemnon. But Achilles showed humility and respect for the gods and immediately agreed to ransom the body to the Trojans, showing that all mortals, even godlike Achilles, were answerable to the gods. Although they seemed to have unlimited freedom, the gods could not always do as they pleased and eventually had to come before Zeus. Zeus acted as a balance of sorts. He had to keep the gods in order and make sure that what fate decreed would happen. For example, after Achilles re-enters the battle Zeus declared that if Achilles were allowed to go on slaughtering the Trojans with nothing to slow him, he would take Troy before fate said it would happen. To counter Achilles massive retaliation against the Trojans, he allowed the gods to go back to the battle field. .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9 , .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9 .postImageUrl , .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9 , .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9:hover , .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9:visited , .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9:active { border:0!important; } .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9:active , .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9 .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf9b49c165ec11f42d99c5be62ef256a9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pornification in fashion EssayIn his own interests, Zeus preferred to deal with issues more personal to the individual heros of the Iliad. He attempted to increase the honor of certain individuals. He knew that Hektor was going to be killed by Achilles, and, feeling sorry for Hektor he attempted to allow Hektor to die an honorable death. For instance, when Hektor stripped Achilles armor off Patroklos, he helped Hektor fill out the armor so he would not seem like less of a man then Achilles. He also gave his word to Thetis that Achilles would gain much glory showing his involvement on a personal level. Writing the story without the divine interventions of the gods would not have been possible for Homer. They affected every aspect the poem. Yet, from the immortal perspective of the Greek god, the Trojan war and everything related to it, was only a passing adventure in the great expanse of time. specmarbprecweb1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/06868579493919922704noreply@blogger.com0